STRUGGLE FOR SYMBOLS

FREEDOM NEEDS HERSTORY

-FRANQUISM

STRUGGLE FOR SYMBOLS

IES SABINA MORA2021-2022

-Social impact

-Evolution

-Musical pieces

-Tribute to Manuel Bruquetas

-Characteristics of the Franquism

-Valle de los Caídos

-Eagle shield

-Before the civil war

-Civil War

6. TESTING YOUR ATTENTION

5. CONCLUSION

4. RITUALS

3. MONUMENTS

2. SYMBOLS

1. CONTEXT

Index

The Franquism was a period of Spanish's History in which the country was immersed in a fascist dictatorship. This regime was established and ruled by Francisco Franco from the Civil War (1936-1939) to the Franco's death (1975).

1. CONTEXT

1.CONTEXT

1923. Political instability between communists, fascists and liberals. Miguel Primo de Rivera imposes a dictatorship until 1930. 1931. The dictatorship loses support. On 14th April is proclamated the Second Spanish Republic which have 13 different governments in 5 years.1936. The confrontations between left and right provokes the military uprising led by the general Francisco Franco.

BEFORE THE CIVIL WAR

1.CONTEXT

FRANCISCO FRANCO

Rebels, the national side, were supported by Mussolini's Italy and Hitler's Germany whereas Republicans were supported by Russian comunists. After a long Civil War (1936-1939), the nationalist side won and general Francisco Franco established a fascist dictatorship which sowed fear in Spain from 1939 to 1975.

CIVIL WAR

17th July 1936 --- 1st April 1939

EVOLUTION OF THE CIVIL WAR

1.CONTEXT

-Militar dictatorship, where Franco had all the state powers.-Neither human rights nor liberties.-Anticommunism.-Famines and ration cards for food.-Censhorship and repression.-Catholicism = Ideological basis of the Franquism.

CHARACTERISTICS

FALANGE'S FLAG

COAT OF ARMS OF FRANCO

EAGLE SHIELD YOKE AND ARROWS VÍCTOR

The symbols of Franquism were iconic references to identify the Francoist State in Spain between 1936 and 1975. Some of the most popular symbols are:

2. SYMBOLS

She used an eagle because it was the animal which was traditionally joined with Saint John, due to his abstract, theological and elevated Gospel. It became part of their shield and the hispanic tradition.

-Heraldry

2. SYMBOLS

It has its origin on the Catholic Monarchs. The Queen Isabel was very religious, so she wanted to include one special symbol in her heraldry.

Eagle of Saint John

It was also used by her descendants, like Catalina from Aragon. After the arrival of Carlos I, it was replaced by an imperial eagle, which was very similar.

ISABEL I OF CASTILLA

2. SYMBOLS

Carlos I shield

During her childhood, Isabel read very interested "Saint John's Gospel", and she saw the different allusions to the eagle from well-known contexts. For this reason, she chose it.

2. SYMBOLS

During the Regime, this flag was used to represent our country.We can distinguish the pillars of Hercula, the Standard of each kingdom, the eagle, the yoke and the arrows.

Eagle shield

-Fernando and Isabel's motto "Tanto Monta" was changed to "One, big and free" located in a band aroun the eagle's neck.

-The pillars of Hercules are placed outside the wings in the franquist shield.

Its popular name was eagle shield, and was used until 1981.

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CATHOLIC MONARCHS AND FRANQUIST EAGLES:

-The wings in the franquist eagle are folded in the coats of arms of Franco.

2. SYMBOLS

Trying to give a new simbology to the National Side, Franco adopted during the Civil War a shield with elements from the Catholic Monarchs' heraldry.

FALANGE's HYMN

CARA AL SOL

NO-DO's TUNE

2. SYMBOLS

MUSICAL PIECES

(Used in 1936-1981 to introduce the news, documentaries, etc., during the Franquism)

VICTORY ARC MONOLITH TO GENERAL MOLA MONUMENT TO VICTORY (Madrid) (Burgos) (Tenerife)

There are still a lot of franquist monuments all over the country. Some of the most importants, apart from the "Valle de los Caídos", are:

3. MONUMENTS

It is a Catholic Basilica with a big cross on the risk, which was built between 1940 and 1958 by mainly republicans political prisioners.

Its creation was ordered by Franco to bury Primo de Rivera, and all the soldiers who passed away during the Civil War.

This monument is located at Cuelgamuros Valley in the Sierra de Guadarrama, in Madrid.

VALLE DE LOS CAÍDOS

3. MONUMENTS

The cross is 150 metres high, the highest one in the world. This monument is considered National Heritage since the 1st April 1959 and it received thousands of tourists each year.

Juan Lucas Marcos Mateo

There are different sculptures which represent the Evangelists Juan, Mateo, Lucas and Marcos and The Mercy.

3. Monuments

VALLE DE LOS CAÍDOS

Juan Carlos and Sofia

However, its presence has been really controversial these last years because General Franco was buried here after his death, and many people were against this decision. One year after his death (20th November 1976) there was a funeral attended by the Kings of Spain.

3. Monuments

VALLE DE LOS CAÍDOS

The most discussed Franco's topic is, in fact, where should he be buried.Here we have two sides, those who defend his permanence in "Valle de los Caídos"(2), and those who want his removal, including Primo de Rivera (1).

3. Monuments

VALLE DE LOS CAÍDOS

Previous Franco's grave in the "Valle de los Caídos"

Finally, on 15th February 2019, our president Pedro Sánchez approved his exhumation from "El Valle de los Caídos". His body was finally transfered to the Mingorrubio Cementery on 24th October 2019.

3. Monuments

VALLE DE LOS CAÍDOS

However, its presence has been really controversial these last years because General Franco was buried here after his death, and many people were against this decision. That's the reason why the 15th February 2019, our president Pedro Sánchez approved his exhumation from "El Valle de los Caídos". His body was finally transfered to the Mingorrubio Cementery on 24th October 2019.

3. Monuments

VALLE DE LOS CAÍDOS

3. MONUMENTS

TRIBUTE TO MANUEL BRUQUETAS

3. MONUMENTS

TRIBUTE TO MANUEL BRUQUETAS

JOSÉ ANTONIO PRIMO DE RIVERA

FALANGE'S FLAG

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INTRODUCTION HERE

Title here

On 20th November 1936 José Antonio Primo de Rivera, the founder of the fascist party "Falange Española", was fusilated in Alicante.Later, during Franquism, this date was officially adopted as the Day of Pain. Moreover, this date also coincide with the death of Franco, and it is still being celebrated by some groups.

20-N

4. RITUALS

Previous kings: Juan Carlos Sofía

Previous Franco's grave in the "Valle de los Caídos"

After that day it became less and less important and only those who were nostalgic for the Franco regime celebrated it to express their opposition to democracy.

The first time it was celebrated after Franco's death was in 1976 in the Valle de los Caídos, and it was a funeral attended by the Kings of Spain.

4. RITUALS

EVOLUTION

20-N

In the early years of the 21st century there were altercations and moments of tension, especially in 2007 since a few days before 20N, an anti-fascist, Carlos Javier Palomino, was assassinated by a neo-Nazi soldier.

Starting in the 80s, commemorations were reduced to very minority groups.

4. RITUALS

EVOLUTION

20-N

In 2021 the Falange organized a walking tour from Calle del Marqués de la Ensenada to Moncloa. They did it between 9 and 11pm with just 250 participants. Later, they went from Moncloa to the Valle de los Caídos and stayed until 9am. During this tour the participants showed posters with Franco's face or phrases which defend the Franquism. People were also guarded by the national police and the civil guard.

20-N 2021

20-N

4. RITUALS

On the other hand, anti-fascists also arrange meetings, as a protest to the remaining of fascist ideas.

Hence, when both sides face, they cause incidents and damages.

On the one hand, this date is considered to be celebrated by certain people, who organize events where extreme right-wing people meet.

SOCIAL IMPACT

20-N

4. RITUALS

Twenty people come to Mingorrubio to commemorate the 45th anniversary of Franco’s death

Phalangists and left radicals manifestate today by 20-N, in the "Valle de los Caídos"

Pitched battle in the wake of a Phalangist march through a nightclub in Alpedrete on the night of 20-N

NEWS. 20-N 2021

4. RITUALS

Finally, on 24th October, 2019, Francisco Franco's body was moved to Mingorrubio-El Prado graveyard

The Congress of Deputies assembles 350 deputies from different ideologies and political parties. However, no group actually conmemorate this date.The most discussed Franco's topic is, in fact, where should he be buried.Here we have two sides, those who defend his permanence in "Valle de los Caídos"(2), and those who want his removal, including Primo de Rivera (1).

SOCIAL IMPACT

20-N

4. RITUALS

5. CONCLUSION

6. TESTING YOUR ATTENTION

It's the flag of our country, which we are proud of. We aren't defending at any time the Franquism.

-FRANCISCO JAVIER LÓPEZ TABERNERO

-SERGIO MANUEL SÁNCHEZ OLIVARES

-JUAN MANUEL ESCUDERO LÓPEZ

-VICENTE MARTÍNEZ ROCA

1st Bachillerato A

IES SABINA MORA2021-2022-ABEL PÉREZ GUILLÉN

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