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- Store and transfer genetic information
- Determine characteristics and functions of proteins
- Control cellular activities like cellular reproduction
- MRNA: copies the sequence of the nitrogenous bases of DNA
- RRNA: involved in protein synthesis
- TRNA: transports amino acids
- Biocatalysts
- Give mechanical support
- Resistance in bones, skin, tendon, cartilage
- Destroy invaders
- Transport molecules necessary to use and excrete
- Regulates biological and cellular activity
- Facilitate the absorption of nutrients
- Contraction in the muscle
- Produce and store energy for long-term use "fats"
- Insulation from the environment
- They're an important constituent of the plasma membrane.
- Increase the strength of muscle contraction
- Autocrine regulators
- Help cardiovascular health
- Provide energy to the body, particularly through glucose
- They can give rise to resistant skeletal structures
- They participate in the functioning of cells, tissues and organs
- Essential part of our diet
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Biomolecules
Zamudio Serrano Ana Karen
Created on December 3, 2021
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How they are useful in day to day life?
REFERENCES Green fact. (2021). Glossary: Biomolecule. Green Facts. Recuperado 2 de diciembre de 2021, de https://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/abc/biomolecule.htm Rogers, Kara. "biomolecule". Encyclopedia Britannica, 18 Mar. 2020, https://www.britannica.com/science/biomolecule. Accessed 2 December 2021. Molnar, C. (2015, 14 mayo). 2.3 Biological Molecules – Concepts of Biology – 1st Canadian Edition. Pressbooks. Recuperado 2 de diciembre de 2021, de https://opentextbc.ca/biology/chapter/2-3-biological-molecules/
What are the biomolecules?
Chemical compound found in living organisms, are basic components of life with important functions in them.
We can find their importance in differents areas
Biomolecules
Or biological molecules
Which is their importance for the medical field?
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
In research
Effective treatments
Early and accurate diagnosis
Identification
In the development of tumors
They have a wide range of sizes and structures and can be composed by different elements of the periodic table
They help us every day to realize all our activities like walk, composition of parts of the body even to breathe, but if we want to be more specific:
Nucleic acids
- Provide energy to the body, particularly through glucose
- They can give rise to resistant skeletal structures
- They participate in the functioning of cells, tissues and organs
- Essential part of our diet
- Produce and store energy for long-term use "fats"
- Insulation from the environment
- They're an important constituent of the plasma membrane.
- Increase the strength of muscle contraction
- Autocrine regulators
- Help cardiovascular health
- Biocatalysts
- Give mechanical support
- Resistance in bones, skin, tendon, cartilage
- Destroy invaders
- Transport molecules necessary to use and excrete
- Regulates biological and cellular activity
- Facilitate the absorption of nutrients
- Contraction in the muscle
- Store and transfer genetic information
- Determine characteristics and functions of proteins
- Control cellular activities like cellular reproduction
- MRNA: copies the sequence of the nitrogenous bases of DNA
- RRNA: involved in protein synthesis
- TRNA: transports amino acids
The four mainly types of biomolecules are:
- Carbohydrates
- Lipids
- Nucleic acids
- Proteins
To investigate the mechanisms that lead to the appearance of diseases such as cancer (where certain genes, molecules or cellular functions stop behaving in accordance with their normal processes) and many other pathologies.
Used to design more effective treatments against cancer and, of course, that are as innocuous as possible for the body.
Early and accurate diagnosis of those molecular alterations responsible for cancer processes. And it is increasingly possible to detect signs long before the clinical manifestations of the tumor appear.
Identification of physical, chemical or biological agents that can potentially produce oncogenic mutations. In this way, preventive measures could be applied to reduce exposure to these agents.
Identification of those people who have a genetic predisposition to the development of tumors. For example, through the early detection of certain molecular alterations that correspond to the initial stages of development of certain types of cancer.
Like carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorus.
More about them - They can be part of the structure of other biomolecules -Can be represented by the formula (CH2O)n -Carbohydrates are classified into three subtypes: monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Monosaccharides (mono- = “one”; sacchar- = “sweet”) Simple sugars, like glucose, galactose, and fructose The number of carbon atoms usually ranges from three to six. Most monosaccharide names end with the suffix -ose. Can exist as a linear chain or as ring-shaped molecules Disaccharides (di- = “two”) 2 monosaccharides undergo a dehydration reaction Common disaccharides include lactose, maltose, and sucrose. Polysaccharide (poly- = “many”). A long chain of monosaccharides linked by covalent bonds The chain may be branched or unbranched It may contain different types of monosaccharides Starch, glycogen, cellulose, and chitin are examples of polysaccharides.
More about them They are hydrophobic or insoluble in water because they are nonpolar molecules. Lipids include fats, oils, waxes, phospholipids, and steroids. Divided into -Fatty acids, interactions between the membrane and the hydrophobic environment, produce energy, autocrine regulators and help cardiovascular health -Triacylglycerols, plants: energy reserves and give rise to vegetable oils, in animals they store and transport fatty acids and energy, prevent heat loss, and repel water -Wax esters, protective coatings -Phospholipids, structural components of cell membranes -Sphingolipids, insulators, bind bacteria to membranes -Isoprenoids, terpenes (essential oils from plants and gives them a smell), and steroids (increase the strength of muscle contraction)
More about them High molecular weight complex biomolecules made up of H, O, and N; that play a fundamental role in the body, forming the most versatile and diverse biomolecules Made up of various types of amino acids They are specific with respect to their function and their stability in the place where they perform their function. Large, 500 or 600 carbons Insoluble in organic solvents Soluble in water High melting point 1 molecule can weigh 1Kg They can have different structure primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary.
More about them Nucleic acids constitute the genetic material of organisms and are necessary for the storage and expression of genetic information. There are two chemically and structurally different types of nucleic acids: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA); both are found in all prokaryotic, eukaryotic, and viral cells. The basic unit of nucleic acids is the nucleotide, an organic molecule made up of three components: - Nitrogen base, a purine or pyrimidine. - Pentose, a ribose, or deoxyribose depending on the nucleic acid. - Phosphate group, which causes the negative charges of nucleic acids and which gives them acidic characteristics. Examples of components that make up DNA: Guanine: It interferes in metabolic energy transmission reactions. Cytosine: It is one of the 5 nitrogenous bases of nucleic acids and in the genetic code it is symbolized by the letter C. Thymine: One of the 4 nitrogenous bases included in nucleic acids and that interfere with the genetic code. Uracil: It is part of RNA and the genetic code is symbolized by the letter U. Adenine: A component of many essential substances in biochemistry, such as DNA and RNA, it has been used as a leukocyte stimulant.