MATERIAL SELF

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Material self

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INTRO

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DEFINITION

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INDEX

WHO AM I?

your answer could be about your hobbies current course, or proffession. No right or wrong answer.

What is material self?

William James

"Refers to tangible objects, people, or places that carry the designation my or mine."

+info

Extracorporeal Self

Bodily Self

Bodily Self

Basically the parts of your body. Head, shoulder, knees, and toes.

"The Extended Self"

body

clothes

family

house

Extracorporeal Self

Bodily Self

The material self pertains to objects, places or even people which have the label "mine". Such possessions are viewed as extensions of individuals' identities.

It is not the physical entities themselves, that comprise the material self. Rather, it is our psychological ownership of them (Scheibe, 1985)

how can we say if an entity is part of the self?

Emotionally invested in the entity.

If we lavish attention on the entity and labor to enhance or maintain it, we can infer that identity is part of the self.

Studies show that there is a connection between possessions and the self.

People spontaenously mention their possessions when asked to describe themselves (Gordon, 1968)

We have the tendency to amass things.

why do we value possessions?

Possession serves a symbolic function; they help people define themselves.

You wouldn't wear something if it doesn't reflect who you are.

Our fragile sense of needs support, and this we get by having and possessing things because to a large degree, we are what we have and possess (Tuan, 1980)

We have the tendency to overvalue what we own

Let people enjoy things!

Possessions extends the self in time

Politicians making projects related to infrastructures (material thing)

An artist creating his painting

People seek immortality by passing their possessions on to the next generations (Unru, 1983)

People's emotional responses to their possessions also attest to their importance to the self

We invest psychic energy in objects. This energy and its products are regarded as a part of the self because they have emerged from the self (Csikszentmihalyi and Rochberg-Halton, 1981)

People who lose possessions in natural disaster go through a grieving process similar to the process people go through when they lose a person they love (McLeod, 1984)

Are our bodies us, or are they something we own?

If we lose our possessions, do we also lose ourselves?

if we have new possessions, do our material selves also change?

Consumer Theory Consumer theory is the study of how people decide to spend their money based on their individual preferences and budget constraints. Individuals have the freedom to choose between different bundles of goods and services. Consumer theory seeks to predict their purchasing patterns by making the following three basic assumptions about human behavior:

• Utility maximization: Individuals are said to make calculated decisions when shopping, purchasing products that bring them the greatest benefit, otherwise known as maximum utility in economic terms • Nonsatiation: People are seldom satisfied with one trip to the shops and always want to consume more • Decreasing marginal utility: Consumers lose satisfaction in a product the more they consume it

Consumer Psychology Consumer psychology aims to pinpoint exactly why people make the decisions they do. As a field of a study, it is driven by the realization that if businesses can understand why people make decisions, they can use this knowledge to hone their products and marketing strategies, in effect increasing their attractiveness.

Consumer psychology involves finding answers to a wide range of questions, including: • How do consumers select between competing brands, and what makes them choose a particular option? • How are consumers influenced by factors in their environment, including media and culture? • How do consumers behave when shopping on the high street? • What factors make a consumer switch brands?

Theories of Consumer Behavior: BEHAVIORISM People's action are driven by external stimuli. We become convinced to do things because of some outside influence. COGNITIVE APPROACH Suggests that our behaviors are caused mostly by our own mental processing.

Factors Affecting The Material Self-Financial Constraints -Availability of Items and Services -Influence of Family and Friends Families influence purchases in many ways. At first, the influence of parents is significant because of how parents help their children to develop political and religious beliefs, lifestyle choices, and consumer preferences. Most people are who they are because of their parents. A spouse and children, however, can exert an even more significant force on a consumer’s purchases. Interaction between spouses and the number and ages of children play a particularly powerful role on buying behaviors. These family influences affect how consumers look at purchases more directly than most other social influences on consumer purchasing. -Friend or Reference Group Reference groups can be either formal or informal. Schools, friends, and peers are examples of informal reference groups. Clubs, associations, and religious organizations are usually formal reference groups. Individuals can also be reference groups (usually known as opinion leaders). Additionally, celebrities can be used as a reference group. A company might use a celebrity it feels will match its target market to get that market to purchase its product. Reference groups can and do have a tremendous influence on purchasing decisions. This is evident in a number of ways, such as through roles. Everyone is expected to behave in a certain way based on the reference group we belong to. -“wants” or “needs” Needs are the basic requirements of life or the things that is necessary for survival

Classification of needs: (PECSS) • Physical - Normal bodily needs are good growth and development. Appropriate nutrition is important for good health. It also involves getting enough sleep, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and taking care of yourself and protection and security • Emotional - consists of a steady environment, freedom, security, love, and affection from social and family • Cultural - The evolution of customs traditions, values, and beliefs within the family roles, responsibilities and personality development • Social - Socialization, interaction friendship and companionship can be cultivated - A feeling of kinship families and other social groups • Spiritual needs - Religious and moral requirements. - Conscience development recognizing the distinction views, and the difference between right and wrong as well as attitudes

Classification of Wants • Necessaries - are the basic needs and desires of the individual. These desires are to be fulfilled to satisfied with man's very existence • Comforts - Some products and services are above and beyond the necessities to live a comfortable life. • Luxuries - Overabundance of desires reasonable conveniences

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