Timeline Spanish History

722

1492

1571

1469

1701-14

1808-14

Reconquista

timeline Spanish history

Jews and America

lepanto

Aragon and Castile

Spanish Succesion

Penisnular War

Reconquista is the long war between Christians kingdoms and Muslims emirates in Iberian Peninsula. It lasted until 1492.

Jews were expelled from Spanish territories and Columbus landed in Hispaniola. Muslims are expelled in 1609.

At Lepanto the Spanish fleet defeted the Turkish. Spain is the master of the Mediterranean.

Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon get married. The Crown of Castile and that of Aragon are ruled by the same royal family. The Spanish monarchy is born.

The Bourbons and the Habsburgs fight for the Spanish monarchy. Bourbons wins, and the aftermath means the Loss of Catalan autonomy (9/11)

Napoleon took control of Spain. Uprising against French troops (May 2) and birth of Spanish naionalism.

1812

1813-33

1808-33

1846-49

1833-40

1868

1872-7 6

1833

constitution

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FERNANDO VII

latin america

carlists wars

isabel ii

revolution

In Cadiz the representatives of diferents anti-French grups wrote the first Spanish contitution.

Fernando VII abolished the constitution, which led to civil wars and coup attempts. The situation remains unstable until 1876.

The Spanish colonies gained independence. They preferred liberalism rather than Spanish absolute monarchy of Fernando VII.

Carlist were ultra-Catholic, Federal and Conservative royalists. They fought 3 wars to impede Liberal reforms in Spain.

In 1868 Isabel II feld the country. Liberals propose a new king, Amadeo of Savoy. He reigned between 1870 and 1873.

Isabel II, Fernando's daughter, is crowned queen. She was controlled by several generals, who imposed their will through coups d'état.

1873

1876

1890

1898

1917-23

1909

Spanish Republic

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restoration

male suffrage

spanish american war

The Tragic week

pistolerismo

In 1873 the 1st Spanish Republic was proclaimed. It lasted until 1874, when Monarchy was resoterd after a coup d'état and a Civil War.

Bourbons dinasty is restored, and semi liberal Constitution is approved. Two party alternates in power: Liberals and Conservatives.

The war resulted in the loss of Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Philippines. Intellectuals (Generation of 98) explore the reasons for Spain's decadence.

In Barcelona, enlisted soldiers refuse to go to Morocco, where Spain is building a new colonial empire. They loot churches and convents during one week.

The right to vote is accorded to all adult males. However, Spanish political system is based on electoral fraud, and is not democratic.

Industrialists and anarchists clash on the streets of Barcelona in a sort of gang war. The pistoleros of both will make about 220 victims.

1923

1931

1934

1936

1936-39

1939-75

primo de rivera

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2nd republic

october events

popular front

CIVIL WAR

franco regime

Primo de Rivera, by order of the king, established a dictatorship, vaguely inspired by that of Mussolini. Parties and trade unions were dissolved.

Republicans win the municipal elections, Alfonso XIII flees and the monarchy falls. The 2nd Spanish republic begins

PSOE and Catalan nationalists seek to overthrow the right-wing government. They fail and are severely repressed. The Catalan government is arrested.

A coalition of leftists, republican parties and Catalan nationalists won the elections. They pardoned anyone involved in the 1934 October events

The military try to overthrow the government. They fail, a civil war begins. Franco becomes their leader. Italy, Germany and URSS were involved.

Franco won the war and established an authoritarian regime. It was the longest-lasting dictatorship in Europe.

1947

1953

1969

1959

1973

1966

national-catholicism

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pact of madrid

foundation of eta

carrero blanco

juan carlos i

press act

Spain is a Catholic, social and representative State that, according to its tradition, is a Kingdom. Franco is the head of state, and will design his heir.

USA and Spain reach an agreement: economic aid and investment in exchange for the opening of military bases. A long cooperation began.

ETA, the armed group claiming independence of the Basque Country, is born. Eta made the frst victim in 1968.

ETA kills Gen. Carrero Blanco, Prime Minister and Franco's right hand man.

Franco appoints Juan Carlos I as the next king. He is the son of the rightful heir to the throne, who lives in exile, is a liberal and an opponent of Franco.

Censorship is no longer preventive, authors can publish if they respect Movimiento's values. They can be severely sanctioned if they violate them.

1975

1977

1978

1981

1982-96

1983-86

franco dies

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elections and generalitat

the consitution

23-f

socialist governments

gal

Franco dies at 83 years. The Transition to democracy begins.

Political parties are legalised and first elections are held. In the same year, Generalitat is restored.

The Spanish Contitution is approved by the Congress and voted by Spanish people in a referendum.

A Guardia Civil unit occupies the congress. I the begginning of a coup to stop the Transition The king intervenes to stop the coup. Democracy is save.

PSOE won the elections and Felipe Gonzalez became the first socialist president of democratic Spain. He will be re-elected four times.

GAL was an armed group that attacked suspected Eta members. They killed 27 people. In 1994, the government's involvement is discovered.

1986

1992

1989

1993-96

1996

2000

NATO and Europe

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Partido puplar

barcelona olympics

psoe in crisis

pp wins

pp wins again

Referendum on staying in nato is held, and yea wins.In the same year, Spain joins European Union.

Olympics were the chance to present to the world the post-Franco Spain: a democratic and wealthy society. It was also the chance to transform Barcelona.

AP, the party of the old regime simpatizers, turns into the Popular Party. The party wants to be a democratic right-wing force.

González's government received harsh attacks for corruption scandals, the GAL case and the economic crisis.

PP won the elections. The first government of the Spanish right after Francoism began. PP is supported by moderate Catalan nationalism (CiU).

Aznar wins once again, now with absolute majority. He abbandones his Catalan allies of CiU and aplies a more aggressive agenda.

2003

2004

2004

2008

2010

2011

iraq war

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11-m

Zapatero

the great recession

catalan nationalism

Mariano Rajoy

Spain goes to war in Iraq with the US, contrary to the opinion of a large part of society. In Barcelona, protests gather 1.3 million people.

On 11 March, in Madrid, 192 people died in a terrorist attack. The government blamed ETA without proof, while it was clear that Al-Qaeda was responsible.

The Socialist Zapatero is elected premier. PP accuses the PSOE of exploiting 11-M attack, but society is still outraged at how the right wing lied.

The effect of the global financial crisis hit Spanish society, bringing to an end the most important economic boom since the 1960s.

The Constitutional Court does not approve the reform of the Catalan Statute of Autonomy. A crisis between Barcelona and Madrid begins.

PSOE lost the elections, because of the way Zapatero dealt with the crisis. The new president is Mariano Rajoy, of the PP. ETA quits the armed struggle.