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Bourbon Reforms
Yadira Gurrola
Created on October 21, 2021
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Transcript
Bourbon Reforms
Candy Yadira Gurrola Cabrera3-B
The 18th century saw the passing of 5 monarchs of the Bourbon dynasty (Felipe V, Luis I, Fernando VI, Carlos III and Carlos IV) who with different actions carried out the implementation of the reformsBourbon reforms in America were primarily political-administrative, economic, military, and religious..
Political and administrative reforms
- The viceroyalty of Peru, in 1717 became the viceroyalty of the new granada, a new configuration that was later ratified in 1739. - The need to reinforce the defense in the north of the Andes and on the coasts, where the presence in the Caribbean islands of other powers such as England was increasingly marked. - Viceroyalty of the Rio de la Plata in 1776. - The Spanish crown divided the territories in America into municipalities, following the French model. - The Creole elites had made influential positions in the audiences and other structures of the viceregal system. With the Bourbon reforms the sale of these positions to the Creoles was prohibited and they were replaced by peninsular officials. - The crown implanted the figure of the visitors or inspectors. These traveled the breadth of the viceroyalties to supervise that the reforms were fully carried out, in addition to recommending the implementation of new measures. - All these harsh reforms led to a true centralization of power, and an administrative system whose objective was better tax collection.
Religious reforms
- Under the new ideas of the Enlightenment, the conception of the role of the church in society changed. - Worldly affairs were seen as issues that had to be prosecuted by reason and human judgment. This also implied the notion of a modern state ruled by a strong monarchy (the figure of the king will be stronger than ever, the king will be the leader of a modern state). - Regalism: It placed the figure of the king as the holder of the rights and obligations of the church above the figure of the papa. - Carlos III formalized the expulsion of the Jesuits from the lands of the empire in 1767.
Military reforms
- The priority was to strengthen areas vulnerable to attacks from other powers. - All the militia zones in the viceroyalties were strengthened and in 1777 the Captaincy General of Caracas was created, which sought to contain a possible invasion through the Caribbean. - Army restructuring (in 1771 there were already more than 40,000 soldiers throughout the Spanish-American territory).
Economic reforms
- Renovation of the commercial system, under the mandate of Felipe V. - The port of Seville was replaced by the port of Cádiz. - Trade liberalization. - Reduction of maritime smuggling. - Tobacco monopoly. - Taxes were created and increased. - In the viceroyalty of the new Spain, the territory from which the crown obtained the most income between 1765 and 1782, profits increased from 6 to 19.5 million pesos.