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Transcript
Đào Nguyễn Thảo My
Nguyễn Thị An
Nguyễn Thị Thảo
Nguyễn Trung Phong
Nguyễn Ngọc Minh Quân
Trần Hồng Ngọc
Đặng Hương Thảo
Team
start
Influences on
The development on English languages
Q&A Session
VII.Conclusion
VI.Features
V.Factors
III. INFLUENCE ON MIDDLE ENGLISH
III. Influence on middle English
II. Influences on old English
I. history of english
Index
Section I
- English originated in England and is the dominant language of the United States.- English belongs to the Indo-European family of languages and Related to most other languages spoken in Europe and western Asia.
History of English
1. Latin influence
II. Influences on old English
- Latin was the lingua franca of Europe at the time. - There were at least three notable periods of Latin influence.- First: occurred before the ancestral Saxons left continental Europe for England. - Second: when the Anglo-Saxons were converted to Christianity and Latin-speaking priests became widespread. - The third and largest single transfer of Latin-based words occurred following the Norman invasion of 1066.
2. Viking influence
II. Influences on old English
3. Celtic influence.
- The number of Celtic loanwords is of a remarkably lower order than either Latin or Scandinavian. - Since the 1980s, a growing number of authors have argued that the effects of Celtic language contact have historically been underplayed. ⁃ Distinctive Celtic traits are clearly discernable from the post-Old English period in the area of syntax.
II. Influences on old English
- The French language, brought to England by the Norman aristocracy. Affected: vocabulary, spelling and sound, or phonology. the effect of French is most noticeable in the vocabulary Borrowing and loanwords: The influence of French is especially obvious in the Middle English vocabulary.- A large amount of French words found their way into the Middle English vocabulary - The borrowing of French words into English took place in two stages, before and after 1250. In the first stage, only few words were borrowed, and most showed signs of Anglo-Norman phonology.
III. Influence on middle English
During the Early Modern English period, from 1450 to 1700, countless factors influenced the development of English, transforming it into the language we recognize today.
IV.Early Modern English
Rita Mae Brown
“Language is the road map of a culture. It tells you where its people come from and where they are going.”
Linguistic
Factors from several branches of linguis- tics will be highlighted briefly by some Features
social
The ease of publishing The social classes of Britain.Mass migration.
Historical
The establishment of the print- ing press The Protestant Reformation. The work of the grammarians in the later part of the 1600s
Factor
Linguistic features
Phonological Features
The greatest factor that influenced the language phonological-ly was the Great Vowel Shift (GVS). All of the long vowels in English shifted up (except the high vowels, which shifted into central (diphthongs). ⁃ Not all regions of England were affected equally; the northern dialects and parts of Wales and Ireland did not shift back vowels. - This drastic change in the sound system made for changes in the spelling system during this period. Some examples are as follows: /li:f/ (life) and /ti:m/ (time) were pronounced as /leif/ and /teim/, and /hu:s/ (house) and /u:t/ (out) as /hous/ and /out/ (Nevalainen 2006).
Morphological Features
Linguistic features
- Many of the morphological factors that influenced the language were because of the differences between the North and the South of England. +The North used -s for third person singular, while the South used -eth; eventually the North’s influence won out. - Another major factor came from all the new loan words that entered the language from Latin and French. The Early Modern period allowed greater variation on which prefixes could attach to which roots. +For example, disthrone, unthrone, and dethrone could all be used to mean the same thing.
Syntactical Features
- The two features that most influenced the language was the change in relative pronoun usage from which to who for animate/ human referents, and the development of do support. - At the beginning of the period, one would say “Speakest thou English?” and “The messenger which had my last letters was reternyd back” -By the end, “Do you speak English?” and “The messenger who had my last letters . . .” would be the norm. *Do support also became more common toward the end of the Early Modern period. -First, it was used in negative questions, second in affirmative questions, and then in negative statements (I do not like tea); finally, it could be used in affirmative statements (I do want to dance).
Linguistic features
Lexical Features
- The feature chosen to highlight lexical factors ties into historical and social factors as well. The Inkhorn terms entered the lexicon during this period, due to a desperate need for more academic vocabulary in English instead of Latin.- These Inkhorn term were big-sounding, sophisticated words made up to impress. -Many of these terms never stuck, because they were unnaturally penned before they were naturally spoken (thus the derogatory title). Those that did stick include exaggerate, expect, and industrial.
Orthographic Features
-Two things that affected the orthography of this period were the use of the printing press and the influence of Latin. +When the printing press took over, printers had to figure out what to do with þ and ð. For a while they replaced these letters with a y and would hang an e or a t over it to indicate the or that... +Because of Latin in- fluence, there was another pair of letters that changed during this period—v and u. The two letters would represent both sounds; v at the beginning of a word (as in vsed for used), and u in the middle (saue for save).
Linguistic features
Only three historical and three social factors each were cov- ered in this paper. Entire textbooks have been written on such subjects. In addition, just a smidgen of information regarding linguistic factors was discussed. The changes to the English language were drastic, but the results were phenomenal. English transformed from a language spoken only as the vernacular in some regions in the world, to a lingua franca in areas of business, academics, and tourism.
Conclusion
Q&A Session
Thank you!
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