The Rwandan Genocide

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The Rwandan Genocide: The Tutsi Massacre

Group 5:Godoy, Bianca Manzatto, Carlo Roldán, Julia Tortul, DenisE.D.I - Social Studies III Ms Maggio September, 30th 2021

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Rwanda’s locations on the map

In 1994, Rwanda experienced a genocide in which the Hutu tribe massively killed most of the Tutsi tribe, a minority in the society. Around 800,000 people were massacred in the span of 100 days.

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Rwanda's President Paul Kagame inspects a guard of honour during a function to mark Liberation Day

Independence in the late 1950s, the Hutu political force was gaining traction, while parts of the Tutsi elite fought democracy and the loss of their gained advantages.

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By the end of 1980s, there were 480,000 Rwandan refugees They tried to come back, but its President, Juvenal Habyarimana, stated that there was overpopulation and the economy of the country was not going to be able to shelter the Tutsi refugees.

Wave of refugees

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Cyprien Ntarymir, President of Burundi

Juvénal Habyarimana, President of Rwanda

Remains of the flight accident

On April 6 of 1994, the plane carrying the President of Rwanda, Juvenal Habyarimana, and The President of Burundi, Cyprien Ntaryamir, was shot down.

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Radio Television Libres Des Mille (RTLM)

Slogan broadcast on RTLM Radio during the genocide

The media played an important role during the genocide

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Interhamwe

Hutu Prime Minister, Agathe Uwilingiyimana

The Interhamwe continued with the murdering. Moreover, Priests and nuns participated in the massive killing.Nearly 800000 Tutsi and modest Hutus were slaughtered.

Belgian peacekeepers

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Tutsi seeking refugee in churches, schools, stadiums, and public buildings were imprisoned and slaughtered.

Survivors of a massacre in Nyakizu, Rwanda, stand outside the Cyahinda parish church where villagers said 4,000 to 5,000 people were killed.https://cutt.ly/URoLI8M

The clothing of thousands of victims are piled on pews inside the Nyamata Church near Bugesera, Rwanda.https://cutt.ly/XRoLYbO

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Baptism book over bed of bones at Nyarubuye church

Remains and belongings litter the floors of nyarubuye church

Skulls are lined up with hundreds of other victim remains inside Ntarama Church.

The churches from Ntarama and Nyarubuye belonged to the list of churches that were a critical part of the massacre.

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Paul Kagame leading a group of soldiers from the RPF

UNAMIR in Rwanda

The United Nations retrieved almost all their peacekeeping power (UNAMIR), created in the preceding governmental transition.Then, they allowed French intervention. thousands of Tutsi were saved along with the aiding of some of the plotters.

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A newspaper showing a wanted photo of Felicien Kabuga, a Rwandan fugitive who allegedly planned, financed, and executed one of the worst genocides in recent history

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The Rwandan Government finally launched the genocide trials around 1997. Around 100,000 genocide suspects were awaiting their trial by 2000.

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A Gacaca tribunal

Concerning the massive amount of cases, the authorities started establishing a participatory justice system called Gacaca in 2001.

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Rwanda genocide: International Criminal Tribunal

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On November 1994. the Security Coucil established the International Criminal tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) to “prosecute persons responsible for genocide and other serious violations of international humanitarian law committed in the territory of Rwanda and neighboring States”

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Photo with a red cross on the face of Felicien Kabunga, Accused of financing the 1994 genocide of some 800,000 people, Kabuga wanted a trial in France, not Tanzania

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References

BBC Editors. (April 4th, 2019). BBC News. Rwanda genocide: 100 days of slaughter. Access on September 13th, 2021. <https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-26875506>BBC Editors. (May 17th, 2011). BBC News. Rwanda: How the genocide happened. Access on September 7th, 2021. <https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13431486>Dimauro, Gina. (November 1, 2018). All That’s Interesting. Rwandan Genocide: The Modern-Day Genocide That The World Ignored. Access on September 14th, 2021. <https://allthatsinteresting.com/rwandan-genocide>Genocide Archive of Rwanda Editors. (n.d.). Nyarubuye Memorial. Genocide of Rwanda. Access on September 14th, 2012 <https://genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/index.php/Nyarubuye_Memorial>History.com Editors. (October 14th, 2009). History. Rwandan Genocide. Access on September 7th, 2021. Access on September 14th, 2021. <https://www.history.com/topics/africa/rwandan-genocide> Leithead, Alastair. (December 14, 2015). BC News. Rwanda genocide: International Criminal Tribunal closes. Access on September 14th, 2021. <https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-35070220>

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McNeil Jr, Donald. G. (August 4th, 1995). New York Times. Ntarama Journal; At Church, Testament To Horror. Access on September 14th, 2021. <https://www.nytimes.com/1995/08/04/world/ntarama-journal-at-church-testament-to- horror.htm> PBS NewsHour Editors. (October 8th, 1999). PBS NewsHour. The Heart of the Hutu-Tutsi Conflict. Access on August 23rd, 2021. <https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/africa-july-dec99-rwanda_10-08> The United Nations Editors. (n.d.). The United Nations. Outreach Programme on the 1994 Genocide Against the Tutsi in Rwanda and the United Nations. Access on August 23rd, 2021. <https://www.un.org/en/preventgenocide/rwanda/historical-background.shtml> Vick, Karl. (September 30th, 1999). The Washington Post. Rwanda Tries Bishop in Deaths of Hundreds. Access on September 14th, 2021. <https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/inatl/daily/sept99/rwanda30.htm>

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Thanks for listening!