GEOSPHERE AND MINERALS

GEOSPHERE

What is the Geosphere?

What can we find in the Geosphere?

How old is the Geosphere?

Why is it important?

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GEOSPHERE

The geosphere includes all the rocks that make up Earth, from the partially melted rock under the crust, to ancient, towering mountains, to grains of sand on a beach.

IN THE GEOSPHERE WE FIND MINERALS AND ROCKS

LET'S START WITH MINERALS

MINERALS

Minerals

What is a Mineral?

Where can we find it?

How did it form?

Are Mineral Rocks?

Why is a mineral important?

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MINERALS

NATURALLY OCURRING

DEFINITE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

CRYSTALIZATION

INORGANIC

SOLID

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MINERAL

Natural solid with a characteristic crystal shape. In nature, one way mineral crystals form is when water is heated deep inside the Earth, allowing a lot of minerals to dissolve in it. As the hot water approaches the surface, it cools slowly, leaving behind mineral deposits

IDENTIFYING MINERALS

COLOR

LUSTER

STREAK

DENSITY

HARDNESS

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STREAK

The resistant of a mineral of being scratched

Metallic and no metallics

The way a mineral reflects or absorve light

HARDNESS

Metallic and no metallics

WHITE

Luster

The powder made when a mineral is rubbed

CLEAVAGE & FRACTURE

SILICATE NON SILICATES

Many non-silicate minerals are economically important and provide metallic resources such as copper, lead, and iron. They also include valuable non-metallic products such as salt, construction materials, and fertilizer.

Silicates are those minerals that have silicon as a component, while non-silicates do not have silicon. Silicates form more than 90% of the earth's crust

Silicon is the 14th element on the periodic table. It's a metalloid, meaning it has properties of both metals and nonmetals, and is the second most abundant element in the Earth's crust, after oxygen.

MINERALS FROM COOL SOLUTIONS

THE WATER FROM THE RAIN EVAPORATES AND DISOLVES SOME OF THIS MINERALS BUT PICK UP SOME ELEMENTS: POTASIUM, SILICON, CALCIUM, IRON.CRYSTALIZATION!!!

CALCIUM

SILICON

IRON

POTASIUM

MINERALS FROM HOT SOLUTIONS

Hot-Water Solutions Groundwater works its way downward and is heated by magma, and then reacts with minerals to form a hot liquid solution. Dissolved metals and other elements crystallize out of the hot fluid to form new minerals, such as gold, copper, sulfur, pyrite, and galena.CRYSTALIZATION!!!

GOLD

COPPER

SULFUR

MINERALS FROM MAGMA

HOT MAGMA ERUPTS IN EARTH'S SURFACE. THE CRYSTAL FORMED DEPENDING ON THE VELOCITY THAT MAGMA COOLS DOWN: BASALT, ANDESITE.CRYSTALIZATION!!!

BASALT

ANDESITE

USES OF MINERALS

Construction

Electronics

Fertilizer

Vitamins

Jewlery

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Metallic Minerals are good conductors of heat and electricity. They can be processed for various uses, including building aircraft, automobiles, and communications and electronic equipment. Examples of useful metallic minerals include gold, silver, and copper.

USES OF MINERALS

Nonmetallic Minerals are good insulators of electricity. They have uses that range from glassmaking to producing computer chips. Calcite, one nonmetallic mineral, is a major component of concrete, which is used in building roads, buildings, bridges and other structures.

USES OF MINERALS

Gemstones are highly valued for their beauty and rarity, rather than for their usefulness. Important gemstones include diamond, sapphire, ruby, emerald, aquamarine, topaz, and tourmaline.

USES OF MINERALS