Full screen
Share
SPAIN IN THE 19 CENTURY
Susana V.
Created on September 26, 2021
Over 30 million people build interactive content in Genially.
Check out what others have designed:
Transcript
SOCIAL SCIENCE
1807/1808
Napoleon invades Spain.Muntinity of Aranjuez
1812- CONSTITUTION
1814- Fernando VII
1833- I GUERRA CARLISTA
Isabel II vs Carlos María de Isidro
1840
1868- REVOLUCIÓN LA GLORIOSA
Exilio Isabel II
1871- AMADEO de SABOYA
1873- 1874
1874
ALFONSO XII
Isabel II
FIRST SPANISH REPUBLIC
19TH CENTURY IN SPAIN
1885/86
ALFONSO XIII
Previousevents
Susana V.
Previous Events
Changes during the 18th century, developed a new society,
The French Revolution
Between 1789 and 1799, there was an importatn movement in France against the ABSOLUTE MONARCHY. They established the values of LIBERTY, EQUALITY and FRATERNITY and wrote the DECLARATION OF THE RIGHT OF MAN,They were influenced by the ideas of the Enlightenment, and it changed the form of gobernment in many parts of Europe.
The Industrial Revolution
It originated in the United kingdom at the end of the 18th Century. The steam engine was invented, and a new energy source was used: coal.Craftsmen's workshops were replaced by FACTORIES with machines. Trains and steamboats were developed, and the textile and metal industries advanced a lot. A society based in agriculture, developed into a society based on industrial activity.
THE WAR OF INDEPENDENCE
Carlos IV was the king of Spain at the begining of the 19th century. It was an absolute monarchy. The queen Maria Luisa and Manuel Godoy helped him. In 1807 Napoleon asked for help to invade Portugal, but on his way he tried to invade Spain.People was angry, and Godoy told the kings to exile to America. They stopped in Aranjuez, and people made Carlos IV to abdicate on his son Fernando VII, in the Motín de Aranjuez (1808).
Napoleon cheated Carlos IV and Fernando VII, and he got the crown to his brother José I (Bonaparte). The population did not accept it, and the War of Independence started in 1808. It lasted until 1814, when the French were defeated, and Fernando VII was proclaimed king.
THE CONSTITUTION OF 1812
During the war, the Spanish Parliament moved to Cadiz. In 1812, they signed the Cadiz Consitution, which proclaimed Fernando VII as the king of a moderate monarchy, and gave some rights to citizens.
ANSWER TO THE QUESTIONS - Who was proclaimed king in the Constitution of 1812? - Why was it called "La Pepa"?
KINGDOM OF FERNANDO VII
In 1814, Fernando VII was the king, and he abolished the Cadiz Constitution and established an absolute monarchy. This caused the loss of many American colonies and a lot of political disorder.At the end of Fernando VII reign, there were economic problems.
He also had a problem because he only had a daughter. He asked for support to the liberals, and they changed the “Ley Sálica”. In 1833, Fernando VII died and Isabel II, who was only 3 years old, became the queen.
I GUERRA CARLISTA
In 1833, Fernando VII died and Isabel II, who was only 3 years old, became the queen.. Isabel’s uncle, Carlos María de Isidro, proclaimed himself the king, and the PRIMERA GUERRA CARLISTA started. It finished in 1840, when Isabel II was proclaimed queen.. She established a constitutional monarchy.
THE KINGDOM OF ISABEL II
In 1843, Isabel II was declared legally of age. During her reing the form of gobernment was a CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY, that limited her power. As the years passed, there were more authoritarian governments. That authoritarianism, together with an economic crisis, leaded to a conspiracy against Isabel II. In 1868 a revolution called "LA GLORIOSA" made the government to resign and Isabel to exile.
THE FIRST SPANISH REPUBLIC
When Isabel II exiled, a provisional government was formed and started looking for a King. In 1871 Amadeo de Saboya (an Italian relative) was declared king of Spain. He was a foreigner and had little support, so in 1873 he resigned and members of the Parliament declared the FIRST SPANISH REPUBLIC was proclaimed. The Republic also lacked support, and it lasted only 1 year.
A REPUBLIC is a form of government with no king.
ALFONSO XII: THE RESTORATION
In 1874, Alfonso XII (son of Isabel II) was proclaimed king and a period called THE RESTORATION started(because it pretended to restore the Bourbon dinasty and the Spanish Empire). It was an absolute monarchy. In 1885 Alfonso XII died. Her wife Mª Cristina de Habsburg was pregnant and in 1886 Alfonso XIII was declared king the moment he was born. His mother was reigning until he was of age. In 1898, Spain lost the last colonies: Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Philippines. In 1902, Alfonso XIII was declared of age (he was 16).
Make a timeline with the monarchs in Spain during the 19th century. Include the years they ruled and any other important events.
SOCIETY
Society in the 19th century was divided into three social classes, depending on wealth:
The MIDDLE CLASS consisted of small merchants and enterpreneurs, smal landowners,and professionasl such as doctosrs, lawyers and engineers.
The UPPER CLASS consisted of the wealthiest people:- The ARISTOCRATS were nobles who owned larges areas of land.- The BOURGEOIS were factory owners, prosperous merchants and bankers.
The LOWER CALSS consisted of poorer people:-The PEASANTS worked on the land of large landonwners.- The FACTORY WORKERS worked in echange of very low wages, during long hours an d in very hard conditions. Even childen worked in factories. They lived in very poor neinghbourhoods with no electricity or running water. To fight for better conditions, they created labor unions.
Labour movements were formed in Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia and Andalucía.
ART AND CULTURE
NEOCLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE: style similar to the Greek and Roman style. Like the Congress of Deputies.The use of iron and glass spread in birdges, railwaystations, etc.Urban expansion: the ctities grew and many roads, houses, and public building were built.
Architecture
Schools
Moyano's Law: education was made obligatory fo all boys and girls woth mixed gender classrooms.
ART AND CULTURE
FRANCISCO DE GOYA was the painter of the Spanish court, and painted portraits of Carlos IV and Fernando VII. He also painted popular scenes and he is considered one of the greatest Spanish painters.
Painting
IMPRESSIONISM was born at the end of the century. Impressionist painters gave emphasis to the colour and light over the drawing and the shapes. The most imprtant Spanish impressionist was Joaquin Sorolla.
ART AND CULTURE
Literature
ROMANTICISM: Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer or José Zorrilla.REALISM: Benito Pérez Galdós or Juan Valera.GENERATION OF 98: They were a group of writes who wrote pessimistically about the social and political situation of Spain. For example: Pío Baroja, Miguel de Unamuno, Antonio Machado, Ramón María del Valle-Inclán...They were called lake this because they were improtant wirters when Spain lost the last colonies in America.
ART AND CULTURE
Other cultural institutions
Many artefacts were taken from churches and given to museums.Prado Museum or the National Archeological Museum.The National Library has an archive of every book published in Spain. Advances in telegraph technology.Conservatories were created to promote music and dance.