Russian Revolution

- ASMAE HADDINI-ELISA GARCIA GARCIA -ALEJANDRA ARROYO CARRASCO

RUSSIAN REVOLUTION

1. What was the Russian Revolution?2. Background to the Russian Revolution3. Causes of the Russian Revolution4. Stages of the Russian Revolution5. Characteristics of the Russian Revolution6. Consequences of the Russian Revolution7. Important figures of the Russian Revolution

ÍNDICE...

• The Russian Revolution is understood to be the set of historical events that occurred in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century (1917). It consisted of the overthrow of the tsarist monarchical regime and the construction of a new model of the Republican Leninist-type state.

• This later became the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. Also known as Soviet Russia or Communist Russia, the latter would be the heart of the later Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR).

1. What was the Russian Revolution?

1. What was the Russian Revolution?

The October Revolution. Vladimir Lenin and his companions from the Bolshevik Party overthrew the provisional government and established a Soviet-type government (the Sovnarkom or Soviet of People's Commissars), thus restructuring the country to lay the foundations of the coming Soviet Union.

The February Revolution. He put an end to the government of Tsar Nicholas II and formed a provisional government.

Commonly, the Russian Revolution comprises two different moments in this historical process, both in 1917:

• But Tsar Nicholas II did not heed the requests of the so-called 1905 Revolution, proceeded to suppress it with fire and blood, resulting in the infamous Bloody Sunday when the Russian Imperial Guard gunned down protesters. This means that the critical moment for the Revolution and the fall of the aristocracy had been brewing for a long time.

• For centuries, the Russian Empire was an essentially rural nation (85% of the population lived outside the cities). There was a high percentage of landless peasants, impoverished and receptive to revolutionary ideas. In fact, at the beginning of the 20th century, the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905), with Japanese victory, unleashed a propitious moment for the demand for change.

2. Background to the Russian Revolution

• The successive defeats of the First World War that Russia suffered, added to the fact that, at the time of entering the conflict, all the parties were in favor except the Social Democratic Labor Party.

• The situation of oppression and poverty to which the Russian peasantry had been sentenced for a long time, sustaining with their lives the absolutist command of the tsarist monarchy.

The causes of the Russian Revolution are various, and we can expose them separately as follows:

3. Causes of the Russian Revolution

• The arrival of the winter of 1917, one of the bloodiest of those times, in the worst possible conditions for the Russian people.

• In addition, the failure to maintain the Russian production rate during the war unleashed an economic and social crisis that resulted in famine, shortages of goods, and the collapse of state structures, which led to certain early levels of organization. popular autonomous.

3. Causes of the Russian Revolution

• Faced with the delay in implementing the reforms that the Russian people demanded, the most radical wing of revolutionaries, the Bolshevik Party, gained supporters at an accelerated rate by the fall of 1917, laying the foundations for the October Revolution.

• A Provisional Government was erected, made up of coalitions of liberal politicians and moderate socialists, across five different cabinets that failed in their attempt to contain the disastrous situation of the Russian people and continue the war efforts at the same time. His mission was to govern until the democratic election of a Pan-Russian Constituent Assembly in late 1917.

• It began with a spontaneous strike among the workers in the Petrograd factories, who were quickly joined by other sectors, such as the women who took to the streets to ask for bread.

The February Revolution

The Russian Revolution of 1917 includes, as we have said, two other revolutions, in February and October of that year, respectively.

4. Stages of the Russian Revolution

• OCTOBER REVOLUTION

• FEBRUARY REVOLUTION

• With the power under the command of the Bolsheviks, the votes of the Pan-Russian Constituent Assembly were carried out, in which the Revolutionary Socialists were victorious by a wide margin (380 seats), followed by the Bolsheviks (168 seats) and then the rest of the parties.

• The Petrograd Military Revolutionary Committee (CMR) was established, controlled by the Bolsheviks, giving them all control of the force and thus cornering the provisional government in a short time, from which power was formally taken away in a few weeks. However, fighting continued throughout Russia in various stages.

• The plan devised by the Bolsheviks was to seize power in the country during the Second Congress of Soviets, classifying any attempt against them as a counterrevolutionary act.

The October Revolution

4. Stages of the Russian Revolution

• Not for nothing did Adolf Hitler himself, in his most desperate moments of World War II, hoped to the end that the other Western powers would take his side, realizing that the Third Reich was the only force capable of stop the advance of communism coming from Russia.

• The Russian Revolution shook the foundations of the European and Western world, because in a very short time it deposed a long-standing monarchy and transformed the state in a violent and significant way in a span of just one year. There are those who compare this revolution with the one that occurred in France in 1789, given the profound impact it had on the powers of the day.

5. Characteristics of the Russian Revolution

• The beginning of the Russian Civil War, which pitted the Bolshevik side (red) against the anti-Bolshevik movement (white) between 1918 and 1921, with the victory of the red side.

• The fall of the Tsarist monarchy and the beginning of the communist history of Russia, which would last until the fall of the USSR in 1991.

The consequences of the Russian Revolution can be listed in:

• 6. Consequences of the Russian Revolution

• Transformation of the old feudal structures inherited from tsarist Russia, which led to a slow process of modernization that initially subjected entire populations to famine, resulting in millions of deaths, especially in the years 1932-1933, when produced the Ukrainian Holodomor.

• The beginning of the Russian Civil War, which pitted the Bolshevik side (red) against the anti-Bolshevik movement (white) between 1918 and 1921, with the victory of the red side.

6. Consequences of the Russian Revolution

• Named Nikolai Aleksandrovich Romanov, he was the ruling monarch of Russia during the Russian Revolution. He had ascended to the throne after the death of his father in 1894, and ruled until his deposition in 1917, being nicknamed by his critics as "Nicholas the Bloody", due to the brutal repression experienced during his rule. Captured along with his family by the Bolsheviks, they were all executed in the basement of their home in Yekaterinburg in July 1918.

Zar Nicolás II ( 1868-1918)

7. Important figures of the Russian Revolution

• One of the key politicians of the February Revolution of 1917, tried to negotiate a peaceful transition between the parties without success. He was elected a deputy in the Third State Duma of Russia, and represented in subsequent events the Russian political right, favorable to the policy of the Soviets and a transitional socialist-bourgeois government. In 1920 he emigrated to Yugoslavia, where he died four years later.

Mijaíl Rodzianko (1859-1924)

7. Important figures of the Russian Revolution

• He is one of the great thinkers and speakers of the revolutionary Left of all time. He was a prominent politician, philosopher and theorist, appointed president of the Sovnarkomen in 1917, and therefore leader of the Bolshevik faction. In 1922 he became the first and highest leader of the USSR, and his contribution to Marxist thought is such that there is a branch that bears his name: Leninism. After his death, his legacy was the subject of disputes among his followers, especially between Leon Trotsky and Joseph Stalin. He is considered one of the greatest revolutionaries of the 20th century.

Vladimir Ilich Uliánov – Lenin (1870-1924).

7. Important figures of the Russian Revolution

• A Russian politician and revolutionary of Jewish origin, he was one of the key players in the October Revolution, and during the Civil War he held the position of Commissioner for military affairs in the communist government. It was he who negotiated the withdrawal of Russia from the First World War and later led the left opposition in the Soviet Union, having to go into exile in Mexico, where he was assassinated by Soviet spies in the service of Stalin.

León Trotski (1879-1940).

7. Important figures of the Russian Revolution

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