PRESENTACIÓN PROYECTO DIAGONAL

eco-history

sustainable development

What's a SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT?

Ex 1rst minister of Norway

"A sustainable development is the development that satisfaces the present's needs without condicioning the capacity of future generations to satisface theirs"

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT FACTORS

SOCIAL PROGRESS

ENVIRONMENTAL BALANCE

ECONOMIC GROWTH

SOCIAL PROGRESS

ENVIRONMENTAL BALANCE

LOREM IPSUM

What's a SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT?

It is a economically efficient, ecologically sustainable and socially equitable development.

Don´t overexploit natural resources!Use them with concience and moderation to not exceed the capacity of the natural renovation.

IIt's necessary to transmit technological advances of MEDCs to LEDCs and help the weaker economies throught fair trade.

4. Equality and equity.

Research to create a new production model that generates jobs, research to make health innovations and more.

3. Research and innovation.

Is necessary to create environmental regulations and laws approved by all countries.

2. Environmental integration.

1. Energy transition.

Reducing CO2 emissions and changing the energy model based on the explotation of fossil fuels.

strategies to advance towards sustainable development

• Protect the nature of our planet
• Reduce the human impact on the planet

Environmental sustainability

Economic sustainability

main pilars of sustainable development

• Reduce poverty
• Guarantee employment to all people

Social sustainability

main pilars of sustainable development

• Acces to resources
• Acces to basic needs

planet

alliances

peace

prosperity

research and innovation

people

plans for...the Sustainable development

What are the 17 sustainable development goals ?

The sustainable development goals (SDGs) are a joint action plan to achieve a sustainable future for all.The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development was launched in 2015 to end poverty and set the world on a path of peace.The 17 sustainable development goals demand a transformation of the financial, economic and political systems that govern our societies today to guarantee the human rights of all.The objectives are interrelated with each other an incorporate the global challenges that we face everyday.

"Everything we do during and after this crisis [COVID-19] must be with a strong focus on building more equal, inclusive and sustainable economies and societies that are more resilient in the face of pandemics, climate change, and the many other global challenges we face."

António Guterres Secretary-General, United Nations

The 2030 Agenda, approved by the United Nations at the end of 2015, contemplates the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals.

ARE COUNTRIES ACHIEVING THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS?

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PLAY AND TRY!!!

WHICH IS THE COUNTRY WITH MORE ACHIEVEMENTS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOP?

THE ENVIRONMENT

Less economic developed countries

More economic developed countries

LEDC

MEDC

Not all countries can benefit from their own resources, a good technological, economic and political development is needed.Poor countries are not capable of obtaining basic resources as water.

As we can see in the previous maps, natural resources are not well distributed around the planet, this make people tend to live in places that are richer in resources, or that's what we think...

Curiously in the maps we can see that MEDCs are less richer in natural recourses than LEDCs (with exceptions like Russia) this leads to a big problem: MEDCs take advantage of the resources of these underdeveloped countries that do not have de possibilities to do so.A good example is África, a very rich in natural resources continent but one of the most underdevelop.

The increase of the population (specially in MEDCs countries) leads to the increase of the individual consumption and the public needs

HUMANISED LANDSCAPES

HUMANIZED LANDSCAPE: are areas that have been transformed by human activity. • Rural landscape are typical of the countryside. In these areas, we usually find farmers' fields. There are often villages and small towns with short, narrow streets and low buildings. • Urban landscape are typical of cities. We usually find large motorways, wide streets, tall buildings and a variety of industries.

Mining for minerals and rocks.

Building roadways, railways and airports

Building wells and canals for human water

Planting fields for food

People transform landscapes.When we use natural resources to meet our needs, we cause changes in the landscape. Some examples include:

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2.Coastal regions. The Mediterranean coast is the most populated and most transformed urban area in Spain. Urban populations live in large cities, such as Barcelona and Valencia. Rural populations live in villages with large crop fields.

These landscapes vary based on location. 1. Inland regions. People mainly live in large urban cities, such as Madrid and Zaragoza. Rural population is low.

Mediterranean landscapes

These are the main economic activities in these regions: 1. Primary sector. There is livestock farming in pastures and crop farming in small fields. 2. Secondary sector. Mining and metallurgy have been substituted by industrial and technological parks. 3. Tertiary sector. Trade and tourism are important activities in these regions.

These landscapes extend along the north and northwest of Spain. They include urban areas, such as coastal cities , and rural villages inland.

Oceanic landscapes

Humanised landscapes in Europe and Spain

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Landscapes in these regions have few transformations, because their relief and climate make human activity difficult. The population lives in small and scattered rural villages.

These landscapes are found in mountainous areas, in particular the Pyrenees, the Cantabrian Range and the Betic Mountain Chain.

Mountain landscapes

These are the main economic activities in the Canary Islands: 1. Primary sector. Agriculture production is low. The most cultivated crops are bananas, vegetables and tropical fruit. 2. Secondary sector. The main industrial activities are processing farm products and refining oil. 3. Tertiary sector. Tourism is the main economic activity. Thousands of tourists visit the Canary Islands every year to enjoy its beaches and warm weather.

The Canary Islands is the only subtropical region in Spain. Landscapes on these islands have been transformed extensively because of tourism. Most of the population lives in urban areas.

Subtropical landscapes

Humanised landscapes in Europe and Spain

SPANISH LANDSCADES AND ENVIROMENTAL PROBLEMS With the increase of industrialisation, industrial areas are more common too... Also vehicle use and transport networks have grown we build every time more shopping centres and entertaiment complexes. All these chauses cause a visual deterioration of landscapes And a notable increase in pollution. There is people reacting against this and are trying to prevent it.

One of the most important changes in the landscape has been the rapid growth of cities in the last years Cities create an artificial ecosystem that cannot sustain itself. They also create large amounty of worde an pollution.

- Eones lack of rains an seasonal draughts - Poor sal that erodes -Loss of wood fant overexploitation, pollution, salinisation of aquifers

Desertification

-Huse tourist urbanisation (constructions of hotels and leisure infraestructures). -People living there has increase -Causes marine pollution - Insufficient waste coader treatment plants

Coast deterioration

THE IMPACT OF URBAN GROWTH

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An environmental impact occurs when the landscape is modified by human activity or nodural sources forces. To regulate human activities and reduce regative effects on the landscape According to the European Landscape Convention (2000). "Landscape has an important poblic interest role, is favourable to economy and we should protect it".

Humanised landscapes and solutions

I don't know but I guess it's okay after all if we lived in the countryside we couldn't go to McDonald's

Urbanization and ... McDonald's?

This is how a long conversation started

I have started a project on urbanization

What do you think of urbanization?

Ohhh you sure are eating a lot of new foods

Well...

Not really, the project consists of going to the field for two weeks and being in a cave for 2 days growing your food. You should come!

Do you prefer hamburgers to the health of the whole planet?

Well the truth is that I don't feel like it that much

He agreed and she told him that she would teach him a lot of things about sustainability.

I want a McDonald's...

Don't worry, it will only be two weeks

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Arable farming is influenced by some factors, such as geographical factores ( climate, relief, soil, humidity, temperature...), popultion ( more population ~ more arable lands), farming techniques (machinery and chemicals) or agricultural policies (to poster arable development ~ PAC). However these activities have a big impact on the environment.

WHAT'S AGRICULTURE ABOUT?

Agriculture includes the economic activities relating to the treatment of soil and cultivation of land for food production.

a g r i c u l t u r e

It's located in Amazonas, Equatorial Africa and Southeast Asia culling and burning vegetation to create farmlands.

A G R I C U L T U R E

Slash-and-burn

Types of arable farming (Tipos de actividades A Subsistence Jarming! maket agrícolas) provides farmers and local with basic dood requiements. The techniques aren't very developed and the yield is low. There are three subtypes:

Irrigated rice farming

It's located in Southeast Asia. Very intensive, requires high yields lot of labour.

Extensive dryland farming

It's located in Asia bared on the americas Africa and crop rotation system and is common in tropical climates.

1.Extensive cereal farming: waps very manual labour because is highly mechanised and profitable (in developed states).2.Plantation agriculture common in tropical regions. Honoalture lone crop is coffee- colon, corn... (Big often used, such as Pantations in LEDCs controlled by MEDCs countries) .

COMERCIAL FARMING:

Commercial farming it provides high yields. due to the high levels of technology it employs. There are two subtypes:

A G R I C U L T U R E

A BIT OF THE AGRICULTURE´S HISTORY

Europe and Spain

How agriculture started in Europe?

Farming was spread into and across Europe by people originating in modern-day Greece and Western Turkey. ... According to the study, the Neolithic settlers from northern Greece and the Marmara Sea region of western Turkey reached central Europe via a Balkan route and the Iberian Peninsula via a Mediterranean route.

the begining

During the age of metals, caves were abandoned towards more stable settlements. Metals (copper, bronze and iron) are developed. Agriculture based on cereals and, to a lesser extent, legumes is gaining ground to livestock, it is at this time when man begins to leave his mark on the land with fellings to favor their activities.

The Spread of Early Farming in Europe

1. AGRICULTURE HISTORY IN SPAIN

THE BEGININGS

During the Romanization period, land exploitation changed from family exploitation in the first centuries of Romanization to slave exploitation based on latifundia.

Between the IX and XIII centuries the Christian presence was increasing in the peninsula. Agriculture had barely evolved since Roman times. Since the 13th century, sheep farming grew spectacularly due to the demand for wool in Flanders and the rights that Alfonso X granted to the peasants in the Mesta Council.

Some 7 million hectares passed into the hands of large landowners for cutting or clearing for agricultural use. This, together with the deforestation of previous centuries to obtain pastures, that at the beginning of the 20th century the Spanish wooded area reached its historical minimum, and the agricultural area its maximum during the first half of the century.

From the middle of the 20th century, the productive areas were incorporated into a wide-ranging market, going from producing for a local market to producing for a national and international market. It is from the 50s when the first tractors, new improved varieties, new irrigation plans began to be seen ... This allowed the yield of wheat.

Would you know how to identify if the following images are large estates or smallholdings ?

CHARACTERISTICS TO IDENTIFY AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPES

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LAND USE

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IRRYGATION SYSTEMS

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CROP DIVERSITY

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TYPES OF SETTLEMENTS

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BORDER OF THE PLOTS

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SHAPE OF PLOTS

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SIZE OF THE PLOTS

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Vegetables

Talking about some vegetables

Lettuce

Nombre del autor

Origin: It was used for 2000 years as a food and medicinal plant.It comes from south Europe.Facts: It is the leafy vegetable most widespread on the planet.their life cicle goes from 60-90 days.Benefits: It is diuretic, degrees the risk of heart diseases,regulate sugar in blood levels and has a high water porcent...and much more

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Broccoli

Nombre del autor

Origin: At first it was only grown in the coasts of the eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East and thanks to sailors it is already cultivated all over the world. Celts and saxons used it for medicinal purposes. Facts: it's name come from the italin term "broco" that means sprout. In Spain people stated cultivate it in the early 70s in Valencian comunity. Benefits: it has anticancer properties and it's rich in vitamins. It's good for the skin and it doesn't have many calories so is good for lossing weight.

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Garlic

Nombre del autor

Origin: in 3000 B.c it was cosumed in India and Egipt, later Asia cultivated it. And them the rest of the world started to grown it. Facts: the vegetative development take place in temperatures between 0ºC and 40ºC. But the colder the tempature is the spiciest the garlic is. At the end of XV century the spanish people take it to America. Benefits: it's rich in minerals and vitamins, helps defiting fungus, bacteries and virus; it's anticancer and heart-healthy

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Onion

Nombre del autor

Origin: Its origin is in central Asia. The Greeks, Egyptians and Romans already cultivated it (3,200 BC) In the Middle Ages it began to spread throughout the Mediterranean.Facts: Not only is it one of the oldest vegetables, it is also one of the most cultivated. It needs temperate climates to grow well. It must be stored in a cool, dry place until consumed.Benefits: It has multiple benefits as it is very rich in minerals and vitamins. It gets rid of excess mucosa, is cardio-healthy, prevents kidney disease, prevents diabetes and is anticancer.

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Lima beans

Nombre del autor

Origin: Its origin was more than 6000 years ago in the Mediterranean and Central Asia. They have always been used to nourish humans and animals and improve crops.Facts: It comes from the "Vicia faba" plant and has some variants. It grows in all kinds of temperatures (although the optimum is 15ºC), times of the year and soils. It is very widespread throughout the world.Benefits: It has many vitamins and minerals, it is also low in fat

Nombre del autor

Green peas

Nombre del autor

Origin: It is known that it was cultivated in Neolithic settlements (7000 BC) Peoples of India and China were the first to introduce them, later it was Palestine and Egypt that introduced it to Europe.Facts: It can grow at any time of the year but they prefer a mild temperate and humid climate. Its ideal temperature is 16ºC-20ºC. It's from the legume family. It is one of the most popular vegetables for the children.Benefits: They are high in minerals and contain many vitamins. They have cardiac benefits, reduce diabetes and influence nervous system disorders.

Nombre del autor

Spinach

Nombre del autor

Origin: Coming from Asian regions (probably Persian). In the year 1000 it began to be cultivated in Europe and much later it went to America.Facts: They are from the Quenopodiaceae family like chard and red beet. Its scientific name is "Spinacia oleracea". It is the vegetable that the famous popeye used to eat in order to be strong.Benefits: It is high in minerals and vitamins. Improves vision and helps growth. By containing iron it reduces the risk of anemia, it also reduces the risk of high cholesterol and helps to gain muscle.

Nombre del autor

The origins of the fruit?

Do you know...

Empezar

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There are five different types of lettuce

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The real data is that there are 14 types of lettuce

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When broccoli was discovered it was considered an exotic garden plant

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Broccoli was once considered an exotic plant in gardens.

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In ancient Egypt, garlic was considered a plant that took you to hell

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In ancient Egypt, garlic was considered a sacred plant.

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At the moment, spinach is part of 2 diets; vegan and vegetarian diets

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At the moment spinach is part of everyone's diet.

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Peas are one of the oldest edible plants and probably the first cultivated by humans.

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Nearly 10,000-year-old fossils have been found in archaeological sites in the Near East. By 2,000 a. C. its cultivation had already spread throughout Europe.

Work made by:Alba Jiménez Atero andElvira Hurtado Castro

thank you