Saturn

Saturn is the most distant planet that can be seen with the naked eye. It is the fifth brightest object in the solar system and is also easily studied through binoculars or a small telescope.

Saturn orbits the Sun once every 29.4 Earth years. Its slow movement against the backdrop of stars earned it the nickname of “Lubadsagush” from the ancient Assyrians. The name means “oldest of the old”.

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Some things about the rings: Saturn's rings are essentially made up of a mixture of ice, dust and rocky material, sometimes compared to a skating rink. Although they can reach a few hundred thousand kilometers in diameter, they do not exceed 1.5 km in thickness. The origin of the rings is unknown. The first theory concluded that their formation occurred along with the formation of the planets. Another theory suggests that a comet disintegrated when it passed close to Saturn. Another possibility is the collision of a comet with a Saturn moon that, when disintegrating, would have formed the mysterious structure. Recent discoveries report the existence of an atmosphere independent of that of Saturn.

Being a gas giant, much like Jupiter, Neptune and Uranus, Saturn is mostly made of gasses: approximately 75% hydrogen and 25% helium, with traces of other substances like methane and water ice. The hydrogen gas that makes up most of the atmosphere slowly changes to liquid with depth as the pressure increases, and the deeper in the depths of the body of Saturn, the more the hydrogen is under tremendous pressure, and is transformed to liquid metallic hydrogen. It is believed that a rocky core about ten times the mass of the Earth exists at the centre. Saturn is also one of the windiest places in the Solar System, and wind speeds have been clocked at a staggering 1800 kilometres per hour at the equator. Occasionally, violent 'white' storms break through the cloud layers, each one bigger than Earth; one of these was observed by the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope in 1994. Smaller storms occur as darker spots. The temperature in the troposphere (the part of the atmosphere where 'weather' occurs) ranges from about

Saturn's rings are thought to be pieces of comets, asteroids or shattered moons that broke up before they reached the planet, torn apart by Saturn's powerful gravity. They are made of billions of small chunks of ice and rock coated with another material such as dust. The ring particles mostly range from tiny, dust-sized icy grains to chunks as big as a house. A few particles are as large as mountains. The rings would look mostly white if you looked at them from the cloud tops of Saturn, and interestingly, each ring orbits at a different speed around the planet. Saturn's ring system extends up to 175,000 miles (282,000 kilometers) from the planet, yet the vertical height is typically about 30 feet (10 meters) in the main rings. Named alphabetically in the order they were discovered, the rings are relatively close to each other, with the exception of a gap measuring 2,920 miles (4,700 kilometers) wide called the Cassini Division that separates Rings A and B. The main rings are A, B and C. Rings D, E, F a

This is Cassini-Huygens - one of the 4 spacecrafts that were sent to Saturn.

Four spacecraft have visited Saturn. Pioneer 11, Voyager 1 and 2, and the Cassini-Huygens mission have all studied the planet. Cassini orbited Saturn from July 2004 until September 2017, sending back a wealth of data about the planet, its moons, and rings.

https://space-facts.com/saturn/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Cassini-Huygens/Saturn_s_atmosphere https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/saturn/exploration/?page=0&per_page=10&order=launch_date+desc%2Ctitle+asc&search=&tags=Saturn&category=33 Exploration | Saturn - NASA Solar System ExplorationIntroduction Four robotic spacecraft have visited Saturn. NASA's Pioneer 11 provided the first close look in September 1979. NASA's twin Voyager 1...NASA Solar System Explorationhttps://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohamed-Heikal-4/publication/331651557/figure/fig21/AS:735606195900426@1552393592701/The-vertical-structure-of-Saturns-atmosphere-contains-several-cloud-layers-like_Q640.jpg https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/saturn/in-depth/

Saturn has 150 moons and smaller moonlets.All are frozen worlds. The largest moons are Titan and Rhea. Enceladus appears to have an ocean below its frozen surface.