Infographic Nanotechnology

Regina Reyes - Lidice PrietoEmilio Carrillo - Emiliano Rau

Nanotechnology

Nanotechnology and its history

Nanotechnology applications

Nanotechnology is defined as the understanding and control of matter at dimensions between 1 and 100 nm where unique phenomena enable novel applications. Although human exposure to nanoparticles has occurred throughout human history, it dramatically increased during the industrial revolution.

Nanoscale

The nanoscale is the measurement we used to determine the size and scale of certain objects and materials. This scale is mainly used for nano technology development and research and it can only be used by certain devices like a transmission electron microscope.

Electronics

Medicine

Energy

Environment

References

Benefits and Applications. (N.d.) National Nanotechnology Initiative. Retrieved April 29, 2021, from https://www.nano.gov/you/nanotechnology-benefits Friedrichs, S. & Bowman, D. (2021). COVID-19 may become nanomedicine’s finest hour yet. Nature Nanotechnology. Retrieved April 29, 2021 from https://www.nature.com/articles/s41565-021-00901-8 Hulla, J., Sahu, S., & Hayes, A. (2015). Nanotechnology. Human & Experimental Toxicology, 34(12), 1–4. Retrieved from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0960327115603588 National Nanotechnology Initiative. (n.d.). Size of the Nanoscale | National Nanotechnology Initiative. Retrieved from https://www.nano.gov/nanotech-101/what/nano-size University of Florida. (2015, December 10). What is Nanoscale Technology? Retrieved from https://www.eng.ufl.edu/nimet/about/what-is-nanotechnology/what-is-nanoscale-technology/

The image shows the nanoscale and also several examples of what can be measured with it.

Nanotechnology Studies

1

Building an International Consensus on Multi-Disciplinary Metadata Standards: A CODATA Case History in Nanotechnology

1. Origin: Data Science Journal, Vol 18, Iss 1 (2019)
2. Authors
   1. John Rumble
   2. John Broome
   3. Simon Hodson
3. Resumé: Science today is rapidly becoming both multi-disciplinary and data-driven. These two trends pose new challenges to the capture, management, sharing, and dissemination of research data. Multi-disciplinary science means diverse data generation communities and equally diverse user groups. Data-driven means that sharing data among different communities is more important than ever because of the growth of modeling and knowledge discovery. Nanotechnology is a prime example, involving chemistry, physics, materials science, toxicology, environmental science, and many other disciplines. In this paper, they discussed the challenges faced in starting and executing this work, as well as the approaches taken to make progress on producing internationally accepted metadata standards. Many of these approaches are directly applicable to other multidisciplinary subjects.

4

Ag/MnO~2 Nanorod as Electrode Material for High-Performance Electrochemical Supercapacitors.

1. Origin: Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology. 19(7):4355-4355
2. Authors: Guo Zengcai, Yuming Guan, Chenxiang Dai
3. Resume: This article resumes various investigator’s results while experimenting with Ag/MnO~2. By combining a simple solvothermal method and a facile reduction approach in situ, researchers have successfully synthesized nanorod (MND) nanocomposite. With their incredibly high conductivity, this is specifically useful in creating micro-supercapacitors.

2

Future ethical implications and potential health consequences of nanotechnology research in Jordan: A scientometric analysis.

1. Origin: Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. February 2021, Vol. 20 Issue 2, p425-431. 7p.
2. Authors: Yazan Akkam & Moawiah Khatatbeh
3. Resume: The purpose of this article is to minimize the concerns of nanotechnology research in health. This research took into account all the possible factors that may influence decision-makers and health policies in Jordan. The growth in nanotechnology in this field was analyzed calculating different factors, such as, relative growth rate, doubling time, and compound annual growth rate; this allowed results to be compared globally. The results showed that the nanotechnology research in Jordan is almost the same in the rest of the world. Analysis show that 65% of research will be produced in the next five years, however there are no legislations in Jordan that regulate nanotechnology in industries. The conclusions of the article are that not having regulations for nanotechnology is “a violation of ethical codes in research and an ignorance to public safety.”

3

Strain could switch on diamond for optoelectronics.

1. Origin: Nano Today. March 2021, Vol. 37.
2. Authors: Cordelia Sealy
3. Resume: This article’s intentions are to divulge a recent advancement in optoelectronic nanotechnology related to diamonds. Researchers of various universities have created diamond bridges smaller to what had been thought possible. This was achieved by using microwave-assisted chemical vapor with a focused ion beam (FIB). This represents an advancements in optoelectronics as it enables modulation of a diamond’s band gap from 5 eV to 3 eV

5

Nanotechnology, equity and global health

1. Origin: Nature Nanotechnology March 2021, Tomo 16, pages 358–361
2. Authors: Salamanca-Buentello Fabio & Daar, Abdallah S.
3. Resume: In this article they are looking forward to informing the impacts of nanotechnology on Covid-19 pandemic. The rapid diagnostic tests are an example of nanotechnology research and development. Nanomedical advances will impact global health by creating single dose and needle-free vaccines. The Pfizer Vaccine cages lipid nanoparticles to transport the mRNA, creating the best vaccine yet.

Modern nanotechnology was the brainchild of Richard Feynman, the 1965 Nobel Prize Laureate in physics. During the 1959 American Physical Society meeting at Caltech, he presented a lecture titled, “There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom'', in which he introduced the concept of manipulating matter at the atomic level. This novel idea demonstrated new ways of thinking and Feynman’s hypotheses have since been proven correct. It is for these reasons that he is considered the father of modern nanotechnology. (Hulla, J., Sahu, S., & Hayes, A. 2015) Almost 15 years after Feynman’s lecture, a Japanese scientist, Norio Taniguchi, was the first to use nanotechnology to describe semiconductor processes that occurred on the order of a nanometer. He advocated that nanotechnology consisted of the processing, separation, consolidation, and deformation of materials by one atom or one molecule. (Hulla, J., Sahu, S., & Hayes, A. 2015)

The nanoscale is based on nanometers which represent one billionth of a meter. Some examples to see how small is a nanometer are the diameter of DNA, the water molecule is actually smaller than a nanometer, germs are about 1,000 nanometers. The nanoscale is also used for nanomaterials like titanium dioxide, silver and iron oxide all of these with different implementations in multiple industries. The nanoscale is used mainly in science to create new nanomaterials through nanotechnology processes.

• Reduces fuel consumption in vehicles and power plants through higher-efficiency combustion.
• Used to detect oil pipeline fractures.
• Carbon nanotubes to separate CO2 from power plants.
• Reduce transmission power loss in high tension wires by using carbon nanotubes.
• Used in solar panels to convert sunlight to electricity more efficiently.
• Developed quicker-charging batteries, lighter weighted, and hold electrical charge longer. (Benefits and applications, n.d.)

• Gold nanoparticles investigated as treatments for cancer and other diseases.
• Better imaging and diagnostic tools to give early diagnosis.
• Diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis.
• Different therapeutics where nanoparticles deliver medicine directly to cancer cells and minimize the risk of damaging other tissues with chemotherapy.
• Used to mimic the bone structure of humans, the research continues on trying to mimic organ tissue.
• Improved vaccines. (Benefits and applications, n.d.)
• mRNA-based vaccines with nanotechnology have been approved for COVID-19 and have given hope of improvement in this vaccine development to reach low and middle income countries. (Friedrichs, S. & Bowman, D., 2021)

• Helps making affordable and clean drinking water through detection and treatment of impurities.
• Film membrane with nanopores for energy-efficient desalination.
• Nanoparticles to clean industrial water pollutants through chemical reactions that make them harmless.
• Oil cleanups with a nanofabric that removes the oil from the water.
• Nanotechnology-based filters of air that trap particles and removes odor, some planes use them.
• Nanotechnology-based sensors that detect and identify chemical or biological agents in the air and soil. (Benefits and applications, n.d.)

• Ultra-high definition displays and TVs that are more energy efficient.
• Nanometer-scale magnetic tunnels make computers save data more efficiently during shutdowns.
• Transistors in devices smaller.
• In cell phones, flash memory chips, ultra-responsive hearing aids, antibacterial coatings on keyboards.
• Nanoparticle copper suspensions instead of lead-based coatings and other dangerous materials. (Benefits and applications, n.d.)