Learning Theories (part 1)
Helia Alcala
Created on April 21, 2021
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Transcript
Learning Theories
(Part 1)
Cognitivism Theory
Constructivism Theory
Major theorist:
- John B. Watson & Ivan Pavlov
- Behaviors are conditioned and can be learned and reinforced through exposure (Puskar, 2021).
- Hard wiring of repeated experiences (Levy, 2011).
- Learning occurs when new behaviors or changes in behaviors are acquired through associations between stimuli and responses (Kelly, 2012).
- Recall strategies such as flash cards
- Drills and repetitive practice
- Positive reinforcement/reward systems
Major theorist:
- Jean Piaget
- This theory explains the mental processes and how they are influenced by both internal and external factors in order to produce learning in an individual (Kelly, 2021).
- the learner takes in, interprets, stores, and retrieves information (Kelly, 2021).
- Information is stored in memory in an organized, meaningful manner (Ertmer, 2013).
- Teachers are responsible for assisting learners in organizing that information in some optimal way (Ertmer, 2013).
- Learning occurs when information is received, organized, stored, and retrieved by the mind (Ertmer, 2013).
- General organization.
- The use of graphic organizers, hierarchical relationships, and matrices to help learners relate new information to prior knowledge.
Major theorist:
- John Dewey
- Learning is being constructed, rather than being acquired (Kelly, 2012).
- The learner is a constructor of his or her own learning.
- Since everyone has a different set of experiences and perceptions, learning is unique for each person (Kelly, 2012).
- Memory is always under construction as a cumulative history of interactions.
- Constructivists emphasize the flexible use of pre-existing knowledge rather than the recall of prepackaged schemas (Ertmer, 2013).
- Students learn best when engaged in learning experiences rather passively receiving information.
- students engage in real-world, practical workshops in which they demonstrate their knowledge through creativity and collaboration (Buffalo University, 2021).
- Students should be provided with opportunities to think from themselves and articulate their thoughts.
- Hands on activities,
- Using manipulatives or realia
- Group work
- Reciprocal teaching/learning
- Think, pair, share
- Problem based learning
Behaviorism Theory
References Buffalo University. (2021). Constructivism. University at Buffalo Center for Educational Innovation. http://www.buffalo.edu/ubcei/enhance/learning/constructivism.html#:~:text=Constructivism%20is%20the%20theory%20that,%2Dexisting%20knowledge%20(schemas). Ertmer, P. A. (2013). Chapter 11. Behaviorism, cognitivism, constructivism comparing critical features from an instructional design perspective. Pressbooks. https://lidtfoundations.pressbooks.com/chapter/behaviorism-cognitivism-constructivism/#:~:text=within%20the%20environment.-,What%20is%20the%20role%20of%20memory%3F,of%20a%20response%20over%20time. Kelly, J. (2012). Learning theories. The Peak Performance Center. https://thepeakperformancecenter.com/educational-learning/learning/theories/#:~:text=Behaviorists%20believe%20that%20learning%20actually,to%20a%20change%20in%20behavior. Levy, D. (2011). Lessons learned from participating in a connectivist massive online open course (MOOC). ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268363281_Lessons_Learned_from_Participating_in_a_Connectivist_Massive_Online_Open_Course_MOOC. Puskar, M. (2021). 4 behavioral theorists that made their mark on psychology. Better Help. https://www.betterhelp.com/advice/behavior/4-behavioral-theorists-that-made-their-mark-on-psychology/.