20TH CENTURY IN SPAIN
Marta L
Created on April 21, 2021
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Transcript
20th and 21st CENTURY: 1902-2018
20th century changed the world deeply: it suffered the most devastating wars... but also the biggest changes in politics, ideology, economics, society, culture, science, technology, and medicine.
20th and 21st CENTURY: 1902-2018
The industrial revolution happened in Spain in the 19th century. It had a great impact in the society, life and work BUTPeople worked in bad conditions and they fought for rights
RESTORATION "La restauración Borbónica"
King Alfonso XII died in 1885,when Alfonso XIII wasn't born yet. Queen Maria Cristina ruled the country until he was 16. Alfonso XIII started to rule in 1902They were conflicts in Spain that the king couldn't handle...
Workers and miners fought for better labour conditionsand fair distribution of wealth (organized by labour unions)
STRIKES
THE WAR IN MOROCCO
Cataluña andPaís Vasco demanded autonomy
the problems
Miguel Primo de Rivera
led a COUP
because Parliament and Alfonso XIII seemed incapable of solving the problems
- HE ABOLISHED CONSTITUTION
- HE DISSOLVED THE PARLIAMENT (nobody could vote)
- HE BANNED POLITICAL PARTIES, LABOUR UNIONS...
- HE LIMITED FREEDOM
He lost support as people were unhappy
General elections took placein 1931 and people that supported the Republic WON
What changes happened during the Second Republic?
Republican parties tried to modernize the country and carried out a lot of reforms, but not everyone accepted them...
In 1936, Francisco Franco led a coup against Republican government. Several groups joined to fight against the Republican parties
This started the Spanish CIVIL WAR
Therefore, there were two different areas and population in Spain was divided, having a lot of violent conflicts among them...
Republican area
(supported Franco)
Nationalist area
Franco and his troops took the control of the whole country in 1939, as Germany and Italy helped this area with weapons and soldiers, making them win the War.
The consequences of the Civil War were very severe, many people died, others went into exile and therewere huge economic losses.
In the picture, Hitler and Franco, the dictators. The fascism had started in Spain...
Franco continued in his Spanish dictatorship for 30 long years,until 1975.
- The Constitution was abolished
- Political parties and labour unions were banned again
- Autonomies were revoked
- Censorship was established in books, films, plays.
- The divorce wasn't allowed.
- Women couldn't open their own bank account
During the dictatorship, many countries broke off the relations with Spain. A lot of places and industries were destroyed during the War, an as a result, Spanish people became very poor. Some people didn't have food and basic goods. In the 1950s, Spain started to be more accepted and Spain was included as a member of the United Nations (ONU) and from the 1960s, Spain started to improve:
- TOURISM
- MODERN FACTORIES WERE BUILT
- POPULATION GREW IN THE CITIES
In the 1970s, a new middle class was developed. People had to work but this could allow people to buy goods, for example, cars, TVs..
Seat 600 is the symbol of the prosperity in Spain.
On 20th of November 1975, the dictatorship ended as Franco died.
It was the beginning of a new era and democracy was established!
TRANSITION PERIOD
Juan Carlos I "(El Rey Emérito)",grandson of Alfonso XIII, was crowned as King of Spain.Adolfo Suárez was appointed as the Prime Minister (president).In 1978, the Spanish Constitution was approved, establishing equality, freedom, right to vote...