Valdivian Temperate rainforest

By hannah wood

Valdivian temperate Rainforest

Los Muermos, Los Lagos, Chile in South America

Where is it located?

BIOME

The Valdivian Temperate Rainforest is a temperate rainforest.

The rainfall during the year can range between 500 - 4000 mm (~20 in - ~157 in)

In the summer, the highest temperature it can reach is around 80 degrees fahrenheit.

In the winter, the lowest temperature it can reach is around 32 degrees fahrenheit.

Climate Conditions

Maqui (Aristotelia chilensis)

Tineo (Weinmannia trichosperma)

Ulmo (Eucryphia cordifolia)

Tepa (Laureliopsis philippiana)

Olivillo (Aextoxicon punctatum)

Plants

Peumo (Cryptocarya alba)

Chilean hazel (Gevuina avellana)

Tiaca (Caldcluvia paniculate)

Monkey Puzzle Tree (Araucaria araucana)

Endemic conifer alerce (Fitzroya cupressoides)

Plants

• Peumo (Cryptocarya alba) has large, dull leaves to cover the flowers and fruit that grow in it in
• Chilean hazel (Gevuina avellana) has both male and female parts and prefers acidic to neutral soils
• Tineo (Weinmannia trichosperma) can adapt and survive in multiple different altitudes, but once its in one, it cannot go to another
• Maqui (Aristotelia chilensis) adapt quickly and effectively to cropping conditions
• Ulmo (Eucryphia cordifolia) attracts lots of wildlife as well as survives really cold weather

Plant Adaptations

• Birds eat the seeds and fruit to help pollinate. Insects are also responsible for pollination

• The flowers and berries are eaten by the wildlife

• Not only are they shelter for wildlife but also sources of food and nutrition

• These plants provide shade from the sun and shelter from rain for wildlife

What structure services do THESE PLANTS provide and what organisms use them?

• Long-nosed caenolestid (Rhyncholestes raphanurus)

• Rufous – legged owl (Strix rufipes)

• Green-backed firecrown (Sephanoides galeritus)

• South America grey fox (Dusicyon griseus)

• Pudú (Pudu pudu)

• South Andean Deer (Hippocamelus bisculus)

• Southern river otter (Lontra provocax)

• Culpeo (Dusicyon culpaeus)

• Flying mouse (Bombus dahlbomii)

• Kodkod (Oncifelis guigna)

• Tiaca (Caldcluvia paniculate)

• Peumo (Cryptocarya alba)

• Monkey Puzzle Tree (Araucaria araucana)

• Endemic conifer alerce (Fitzroya cupressoides)

• Olivillo (Aextoxicon punctatum)

• Maqui (Aristotelia chilensis)

• Tineo (Weinmannia trichosperma)

• Tepa (Laureliopsis philippiana)

• Monito del monte (Dromiciops gliroides)

• Chilean hazel (Gevuina avellana)

• Ulmo (Eucryphia cordifolia)

Trophic pyramid

• Rufous – legged owl

• Green-backed firecrown

• South America grey fox

• Pudú

• South Andean Deer

• Southern river otter

• Culpeo

• Flying mouse

• Kodkod

• Tiaca

• Peumo

• Monkey Puzzle Tree

• Endemic conifer alerce

• Olivillo

• Maqui

• Tineo

• Tepa

• Monito del monte

• Chilean hazel

• Ulmo

Food web

Water does the same thing. It goes through the plants and all the animals.

With the carbon the plants absorb, they release necessary oxygen through photosynthesis, as well.

All the plants absorb components from the air, then provide necessary carbon and nitrogen back into the atmosphere. By eating the plants, animals get nutrition from the things the plants absorb, which is then passed on to other animals.

organisms roles in major biogeochemical cycles (carbon, nitrogen, and water)

• PMEOU
• OCEPLU
• KDOODK
• OOVLILLI
• IETSFORANR
• AMIQU
• IAATC
• ILSOSRIAPEUL PLPIINAHAPI
• ARAPRTOYCYC ALBA
• NIVADVLIA
• TARMEPTEE

Activity: Word scramble

• Peumo
• Culpeo
• Kodkod
• Olivillo
• Rainforest
• Maqui
• Tiaca
• Laureliopsis philippiana
• Cryptocarya alba
• Valdivian
• Temperate

Word scramble answers

• Aizen, Marcelo & Ezcurra, Cecilia. (1998). High incidence of plant-animal mutualisms in the woody flora of the temperate forest of southern South America: Biogeographical origin and present ecological significance. Ecologia Austral. 8.
• Armesto, J.J. & Rozzi, Ricardo & Miranda, P. & Sabag, C.. (1987). Plant/frugivore interactions in South American temperate forests. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural. 60. 321-336.
• Ateeq Ahmad, mammalsrus. “Mammalsrus.com.” Mammals, mammalsrus.com/metatheria/paucituberculata/paucituberculata.html.
• “Avellano Chileno/ Chilean Hazel/ Gevuina Avellana.” Zoom's Edible Plants, 18 Jan. 2012, zoom50.wordpress.com/2012/01/18/avellano-chileno-chilean-hazel-gevuina-avellana-2/.
• “Caldcluvia Paniculata.” Fundación R.A. Philippi, 27 Oct. 2014, fundacionphilippi.cl/catalogo/caldcluvia-paniculata/.
• Chileflora.com. Description and Images of Weinmannia Trichosperma (Tineo , Palo Santo), a Native Chilean Plant, Provided by the Supplier of Native Exotic Chilean Seeds, Chileflora.com, www.chileflora.com/Florachilena/FloraEnglish/HighResPages/EH0097.htm.
• “Climate.” Temperate Rainforest, temperaterainforestelynam.weebly.com/climate.html.
• Crampton, Linda. “The Monkey Puzzle Tree: An Unusual and Endangered Plant.” Owlcation, Owlcation, 27 Aug. 2014, owlcation.com/stem/The-Monkey-Puzzle-Tree-An-Ancient-and-Endangered-Plant.
• “Cryptocarya Alba (Molina) Looser.” Cryptocarya Alba - Trees and Shrubs Online, treesandshrubsonline.org/articles/cryptocarya/cryptocarya-alba/.
• Deane. “Monkey Puzzle Tree.” Eat The Weeds and Other Things, Too, 9 Sept. 2017, www.eattheweeds.com/with-the-monkey-puzzle-treelunch-drops-in-2/.
• “Environment.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., www.britannica.com/science/temperate-forest/Environment.
• “Environmental Conservation Work in Argentina.” WWF, wwf.panda.org/wwf_offices/argentina/?uProjectID=9L0803.
• “Eucryphia Cordifolia: Plants, Mail Order Plants, Buy Plants.” Pinterest, www.pinterest.nz/pin/489555421986843928/.
• “Eucryphia Cordifolia.” Art and Science of Horticulture, artandscienceofhorticulture.weebly.com/eucryphia-cordifolia.html.
• Fitzroya Cupressoides (Alerce) Description, www.conifers.org/cu/Fitzroya.php.
• “Guía Práctica Para Identificar Los Árboles De Llanquihue.” Ladera Sur, laderasur.com/articulo/guia-practica-para-identificar-los-arboles-de-llanquihue/.

works cited

• I.M.Johnst., (Molina). “Fitzroya Cupressoides: Threatened Conifers of the World (En-GB).” Fitzroya Cupressoides | Threatened Conifers of the World (En-GB), threatenedconifers.rbge.org.uk/conifers/fitzroya-cupressoides.
• Jaksić, Fabian M., et al. “Feeding Ecology of Central Chilean Foxes, Dusicyon Culpaeus and Dusicyon Griseus.” Journal of Mammalogy, vol. 61, no. 2, 1980, pp. 254–260. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/1380046. Accessed 11 Apr. 2021.
• JOHNSTON, James HUNTER, et al. “Home.” Alan Watson Featherstone, 11 June 2018, alanwatsonfeatherstone.com/the-araucaria-forests-of-chile-part-1/.
• Laura. “What Is Ulmo Honey? Is It Better than Manuka Honey?” Discover the Benefits of Honey, 18 Jan. 2019, healthywithhoney.com/what-is-ulmo-honey-is-it-better-than-manuka-honey/.
• “Laureliopsis Philippiana.” Fundación R.A. Philippi, 1 Dec. 2017, fundacionphilippi.cl/catalogo/laureliopsis-philippiana/.
• “Maqui Fruit: the Antioxidant Berry Revered by Warriors.” The Nue Co., www.thenueco.com/blogs/journal/maqui-fruit-the-antioxidant-berry-revered-by-warriors.
• McGuffin, David. “Limiting Factors of Temperate Forests.” Sciencing, 21 Mar. 2019, sciencing.com/limiting-factors-of-temperate-forests-13406003.html.
• Misle, E. & Garrido, Estrella & Contardo, H. & González, W.. (2011). Maqui [Aristotelia chilensis (Mol.) Stuntz]-the Amazing Chilean Tree: A Review. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology B1. 1. 473.
• OpenSolution.org. Birding Patagonia - Green-Backed Firecrown -, birdingpatagonia.com/aves_en/index.php?p=productsMore&iProduct=43&sName=green-backed-firecrown.
• “Peumo.” Volver a Inicio Chilebosque, www.chilebosque.cl/flora/cryptocarya_alba.html.
• Pfaf Plant Search, pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Eucryphia+cordifolia.
• Pfaf Plant Search, pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Gevuina+avellana.
• “Plant Database Entry for Tineo (Weinmannia Trichosperma) with One Image, One Comment, and 11 Data Details.” Tineo (Weinmannia Trichosperma) - Garden.org, garden.org/plants/view/133399/Tineo-Weinmannia-trichosperma/.
• “Southern South America: Chile and Argentina.” WWF, World Wildlife Fund, www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/nt0404.
• “Southern South America: Chile and Argentina.” WWF, World Wildlife Fund, www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/nt0404.
• “Valdivian Costal Reserve.” The Nature Conservancy, www.nature.org/en-us/about-us/where-we-work/latin-america/chile/valdivian-coastal-reserve/.
• “Valdivian Temperate Rainforest Facts for Kids.” Easy Science For Kids, 26 May 2019, easyscienceforkids.com/valdivian-rainforest/.
• “Water Treatment Solutions.” Lenntech Water Treatment & Purification, www.lenntech.com/nitrogen-cycle.htm.
• “Weinmannia Trichosperma.” Fundación R.A. Philippi, 9 May 2018, fundacionphilippi.cl/catalogo/weinmannia-trichosperma/.

works cited