TIME AND HISTORY

Time & History

Elena Lópezhttps://elhpedroduque.blogspot.com/

INDEX

Present, Past and Future

Units of time

History

Prehistory

Ancient History

The Middle Ages

The Early Modern Age

The Modern Age

PRESENT, PAST AND FUTURE

PAST

Events that have already happened a long time ago (yesterday, two weeks ago, last year, in the past…).

PRESENT

FUTURE

Events that are happening now (right now, at this moment, today…).

Events that have not happened yet (tomorrow, next week, later, in the future…).

UNITS OF TIME

1 minute = 60 seconds1 hour = 60 minutes

1 day = 24 hours1 week = 7 days1 month = 4 weeks

1 year = 12 months1 decade = 10 years1 century = 100 years1 millennium = 1000 years

ROMAN NUMERALS

Roman numerals are numbers, represented by letters.

They can be used to represent centuries:

Roman numerals Century YearsXXI 21st century 2001 - 2100 XVIII 18th century 1701 - 1800 XV 15th century 1401 - 1500 V 5th century 401 - 500II 2nd century 101 - 200

HISTORY

History is the study of the past

HISTORIANS are the people who study history.

VISUAL SOURCES can be paintings, drawings, photographs, films, documentaries…

PHYSICAL SOURCES can be objects (tools, clothes, household items, toys, etc.) or buildings (castles, houses, bridges, churches).

WRITTEN SOURCES include books, letters, newspapers, and other written documents from the past.

ORAL SOURCES are told from person to person and include legends, stories, tales, songs, poems.

PERIODS OF HISTORY

We can divide history into five main periods:

PREHISTORY(about two million years ago)

ANCIENT HISTORY(4000 years ago)

THE MIDDLE AGES(1500 years ago)

THE EARLY MODERN AGE(500 years ago)

THE MODERN AGE(200 years ago)

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A TIMELINE

A timeline shows important events in the order they happened.

BC = Before the birth of Jesus Christ. AD = After the birth of Jesus Christ.

PREHISTORY

PREHISTORY is the period from when the first humans existed about two million years ago, until the invention of writing. There were two main periods: the Palaeolithic period and the Neolithic period.

In the Palaeolithic period, people were nomads. They moved from place to place to look for food and shelter. They used stone, wood and bones to make simple tools.

In the Neolithic period, people started to live in one place and form communities. They started to grow crops and keep domestic animals. They used stone and metal to make more complex tools.

ANCIENT HISTORY

Ancient History is the period from when written history began to the fall of the Roman Empire. Great civilisations developed in this period. Each civilisation developed a different way of writing (Ancient Egyptians wrote in hieroglyphics, Romans wrote in Latin). People began to live in big towns and cities (Rome, Athens). They also built public and private buildings. They formed governments, wrote laws, developed skills and had jobs. They also made important advances in agriculture.

EGIPTO

ANCIENT EGYPT

Egyptians were advanced in maths, engineering and astronomy. They built pyramids used as tombs for the kings (also called pharaohs) and other important people. They wrote hieroglyphics and used papyrus to make scrolls (the first paper). They also made calendars and clocks, built ships, invented the toothpaste and the toothbrush.

pharaophs

Egytian hieroglyphics

Egyptiancalendar and clock

Ancient Egytian ships

ancient greece

The Greeks came to the Iberian Peninsula. They called it Iberia. They wrote books about many things, such as science. The Greeks invented coins. They also invented the Olympic Games. The Greeks believed in many gods. They made beautiful buildings and sculptures. The Greeks invented the idea of democracy. Democracy means government by the people.

Ancient Rome

The Romans came to the Iberian Peninsula in 218 B.C. They called it Hispania. The Romans conquered many lands in Europe and Africa. They established a big empire and Hispania was part of this empire. The Roman Empire ended in 476 A.D. That was the end of Ancient History.The Romans traded and made beautiful buildings and sculptures.They built aqueducts. Aqueducts carried water to the cities. The Romans also built many roads and cities.The Romans invented a language called Latin. Spanish comes from Latin.The Romans wrote books and believed in many gods.

Roman amphiteathre

Aqueduct

Road

THE MIDDLE AGES

The Middle Ages began about 1500 years ago. During the Middle Ages the Christian and the Islamic culture lived on the Iberian Peninsula. The Iberian Peninsula was divided into kingdoms and each one had a king. Christians built castles and walls to defend their territory, whereas in Islamic territories they built citadels. In Christian areas, churches and cathedrals were built. In Islamic areas, mosques were built.

castle

church

citadel

mosque

Christian Culture

Islamic Culture

THE EARLY MODERN AGE

The Early Modern Age began about 500 years ago. Small kingdoms came together to form big countries with one king. Explorers discovered new lands and products. There were discoveries in science, such as electricity. The invention of the printing press made it quicker and easier to produce books.

Columbus reached the New World (now called America)

Gutenberg's Printing Press

THE MODERN AGE

The Modern Age began about 200 years ago. It was a time of industry and changes in society. New inventions, such as the steam engine, changed the way people lived and worked. Cities grew and changed, with new streets and buildings. Public services, such as schools, hospitals and transport, became common. Factories made mass-produced products. People moved to towns and cities to work in these factories, so urban populations increased. With the invention of the telephone, radio and television, communication became easier. Advances in medicine included the X-ray and vaccinations.

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THE MODERN AGE

steam engine

growth of cities

factory

X-ray

telephone