MATTER AND ENERGY

start

MATTER and ENERGY

PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS

CHANGES OF MATTER

ENERGY SOURCES

MIXTURES

MATTER

ENERGY

Different materials have different properties.

Some materials are WATERPROOF, which means that water can't pass through them.

When light can’t pass through a material, we call this material OPAQUE.

WATERPROOF

OPAQUE

Some materials are TRANSPARENT which means that light can pass through them..

ELASTIC

An ELASTIC material returns to its original shape after we bend or stretch it.

TRANSPARENT

A FLEXIBLE material bends easily.

FLEXIBLE

RIGID

A FRAGILE material breaks easily if we bend it or try to change its shape.

fragile

A RIGID material doesn’t bend easily.

resistant

A RESISTANT material is difficult to break.

PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS

MATTER

• Everything is made up of matter.
• Matter is everything that we see, touch, taste or smell that has mass and volume.
• Matter makes up objects.
• Matter can't be created or destroyed, only changes state.
• The three states of matter are: solid, liquid, gas.

+ CONTINUE

GASES

• They have NO definite shape and NO definite volume.
• The shape of a gas changes with the shape of its container.
• Gases expand to fill the container they are in.

LIQUIDS

• They have NO definite shape but definite volume.
• They take the shape of the container they are in.

SOLIDS

• They have definite shape and definite volume.
• The shape of the solid doesn’t change if we put the solid in a different container.
• The solid object always takes up the same amount of space.

+ INFO

Water can be found in all three states on Earth: Liquid (water), if it gets very cold it becomes solid (ice) and if it gets very hot it becomes gas (water vapour).

WATER

When we break a pencil, it changes shape but it's still a pencil. Physical changes can happen when we: HEAT, FREEZE, BEND, TWIST, STRECH, SQUASH, PRESS, SQUEEZE A SUBSTANCE or BREAK..

CHANGE OF SHAPE

They happen when the properties of matter change. The shape changes, the state changes but the substance doesn’t change. These changes are called Physical changes.

When we heat water it evaporates and changes state from liquid to gas but it is still water.MELTING: When you heat solid water and it changes into a liquid. EVAPORATION: When you heat liquid water and it changes into water vapour.FREEZING When you cool liquid water and it changes into a solid.CONDENSATION: When you cool water vapour and it changes into a liquid.

VS

CHANGE OF STATE

CHANGES OF MATTER

+ INFO

In a heterogeneous mixture it’s easy to see the different substances. The whole mixture looks different.

HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURES

Mayonnaise contains oil, eggs and vinegar but we can’t see the individual Ingredients.

In a homogeneous mixture it isn’t possible to see the different substances. The whole mixture looks the same.

In this fruit salad we can see the different fruit separately.

HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURES

A mixture is something that contains two or more substances.

MIXTURES

+ CONTINUE

+ INFO

+ INFO

This method is good for separating a solid that is dissolved in a liquid.

This method is good for separating solids and liquids.

This method is good for separating solids of different sizes.

There are three ways of separating materials in a mixture: SIEVING, FILTERING and EVAPORATING.

SEPARATING MIXTURE

EVAPORATING

FILTERING

SIEVING

All objects that move have kinetic energy.

KINETICENERGY

Electricity is a type of energy. Depending on their response to electricity, materials can be: CONDUCTORS: they allow electricity to run through them. Water and metals are good conductors. INSULATORS: they don’t allow electricity to run through them. Plastic and wood are good insulators.

ELECTRICITY

It produces noise. A vibrating drum is an example of sound energy.

SOUNDENERGY

Food contains chemical energy. Our body turns the energy into heat or kinetic energy. Batteries or fuels like wood also contain chemical energy.

CHEMICALENERGY

It makes machines work. We use it for a lot of things in our homes. Lightning also produces electrical energy.

ELECTRICAL ENERGY

It heats up or cools down objects.The Sun produces lots of thermal energy.

THERMAL ENERGY

It gives us light. The Sun produces lots of light energy. Plants need energy to grow..

LIGHT ENERGY

Energy is what makes things move or change. Types of energy: THERMAL, LIGHT ENERGY, SOUND ENERGY, ELECTRICAL ENERGY, CHEMICAL ENERGY and kINETIC ENERGY.

ENERGY

reservoir

wind turbines

solar pannel

NON- RENOWABLE ENERGY SOURCES

The Sun, wind and water are renewable sources of energy. This means:

• There is always new wind, sunlight and water.
• They are unlimited and they will never run out.
• They don't pollute the air or water.

RENOWABLE ENERGY SOURCES

gas´fired power station

oil rig

coal mine

Coal, petroleum and natural gas are natural matter, formed under the ground a long time ago. They are non-renewable sources of energy. This means:

• There is never new coal, petroleum or natural gas.
• They are limited and they will run out in the future.
• Burning them to get energy pollutes air and water.

ENERGY SOURCES