South African Indigenous Resistance
HELEN JUNCO-OROZCO
Created on February 7, 2021
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Context - In order to resist against Apartheid, a policy which essentially promoted racial discrimination against Black South Africans, Mandela partook in a campaign known as the Defiance Campaign in 1952 after he moved to Soweto and served as leader of the campaign. In this campaign, Black participants deliberately violated laws that had been placed upon them.
Leadership - The campaign was led by Mandela who was joined by members from the Black law firm he was a part of known as the African National Congress as well as other Black South Africans.
Methods - The African National Congress turned to strikes, demonstrations, and other nonviolent resistance methods. In the Defiance Campaign, for instance, Black South Africans rebelled against White South African rule by refusing to abide by laws. This entailed violating curfews and refusing to carry identification passes, among other violations.
Success/Failure - Despite the campaign having been unsuccessful, as Mandela and several others underwent a treason trial soon afterward, Mandela ultimately succeeded in putting an end to Apartheid. His imprisonment after having delivered a speech which aimed to help publicize the struggles Black South Africans faced inspired his supporters to participate in campaigns as well. After his release, a negotiation with F.W. de Klerk resulted in the abolishment of Apartheid and enabled Black South Africans to have the authority to rule.
Significance - This example of resistance teaches us that turning to campaigns can be an effective way to stand up for what we believe in, as it will inspire more people to become involved and will have a much greater impact in helping voice our beliefs and initiate change. The end of Apartheid had many positive effects on the lives of South Africans, especially those who these laws were primarily targeted towards. Black South Africans were no longer segregated, which allowed them to be entitled to the same privileges as White South Africans. Some of these included allowing Black South Africans to vote in general elections, allowing freedom of speech, allowing access to public facilities, allowing interracial marriages, and allowing land ownership.
South African Indigenous Resistance
Getty, Photograph by AFP via, and Photograph by Allan Tannenbaum. “How Nelson Mandela Fought Apartheid-and Why His Work Is Not Complete.” History & Culture, July 17, 2020. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/reference/people/nelson-mandela-fought-apartheid-work-not-complete/. “Resistance to Apartheid.” Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. Accessed February 8, 2021. https://www.britannica.com/place/South-Africa/Resistance-to-apartheid. Whittal, Kiley. “10 Ways South Africa Changed After The End Of Apartheid.” WorldAtlas. WorldAtlas, June 29, 2020. https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/10-ways-south-africa-changed-after-the-end-of-apartheid.html.