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February 2021

Participants: Partners and Local Associations

Date: February 09 to 11th, from 9:00 to 12:30h

Gender Training

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February 2021 Participants: Partners and Local AssociationsDate: February 09 to 11th, from 9:00 to 12:30h

Gender Training

Gender Framework

Are you a man or a woman? Why do you think you are a man or a woman? What does it mean to be a man or a woman?

Individual Activity

1º Part

  • Sex/gender system
  • Gender socialization
  • Patriarchal system

Sex/gender system

refers to a social construction related to behaviours and attributes based on labels of masculinity and femininity. It´s a social organizational principle.

refers to the biological aspects of an individual as determined by their anatomy: by their chromosomes, hormones and their interactions

Gender

Sex

The phrase “sex/gender system,” or “sex/gender/sexuality system” was coined by Gayle Rubin to describe “the set of arrangements by which a society transforms biological sexuality into products of human activity.”Rubin employed this system to articulate that “part of social life which is the locus of the oppression of women”

What does gender and sex mean?

Hierarchial system

Binary system

Arbitrary system

How is gender assigned?

Sex gender system

- Transphobia: to assume the gender based on the sex you have- Plumophobia: to behave as expected to your gender (not related to sexual orientation)- Homophobia: to have sexual-affective relationships with the opposite sex

The norms of sex/gender system

How much do you comply with the norms of the sex-gender system? What might we be missing out because of the rigidity of this system? Are we sometimes "controllers" of the sex-gender system?

Individual Activity

Gender stereotypes and socialization

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZGe-ekq2yj4

2º Part

    • Gender as an analysis tool
    • Gender mainstreaming

    The gender perspective focuses particularly on gender-based differences in status and power, and considers how such discrimination shapes the immediate needs, as well as the long-term interests, of women and men.

    GM means integrating a gender equality perspective at all stages and levels of

    projects

    programmes

    policies

    Dia

    What does gender mainstreaming means?

    • “Adding women and stirring”: ensuring the equal participation of women and men in decision making or in different activities is a necessary first step and an objective on its own. However, the presence of women does not mean that a gender mainstreaming exercise was undertaken and it does not automatically lead to qualitative change towards gender equality in a specific policy, programme or activity. • Including an introductory paragraph in a document expresing that a gender equality perspective will be integrated or simply mentioning “women and men” without also taking into account their different situations is not enough.

    Gender mainstreaming is not about:

    When?

    The concept of gender mainstreaming was first introduced >>at the 1985 Nairobi World Conference on Women. >>at 1995 through the Beijing Platform for Action, Fourth United Nations World Conference on Women in Beijing, It was established as a strategy in international gender equality policy and subsequently adopted as a tool to promote gender equality at all levels.

    1. it puts people at the heart of policy-making Mainstreaming equality issues may contribute to underlining the need to base and to evaluate any single policy according to its impact on the concrete situation of individuals and social groups, be they women or men, with their particular endowments and needs. Such an approach will open avenues to replace the “traditional” practice of employing abstract economic and ideological indicators (such as GDP and similar data considered neutral and expressed in average values) by more relevant and valuable indicators regarding the concrete well-being of people.
    2. It will challenge the assumption that policies are gender neutral - which they never are - and reveal the hidden assumptions on reality and values. It will lead to a greater transparency and openness in the policy process.
    3. It would also make clear that society nowadays is dependent on using all human resources, and the experience of both women and men. It acknowledges the shared responsibility of women and men in removing imbalances in society. Finally, by involving a broader range of external actors in the policy process, gender mainstreaming might help to reduce the democratic deficit, which characterises many current democracies.

    Organisations that are committed to uni

    Why?

    Women’s rights are human rights, enshrined in widely accepted international treaties as the the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW, 1979). Any rights-based approach that neglects women's and girls' rights is inadequate.

    Gender equality issues will become visible and will be integrated into the mainstream of society, whereas until now they have always been on the sidelines.

    Actions are more effective if they take into account the differences and inequalities between women and men.

    Other reasons

    Purpose Key Activities

    Monitoring and Evaluation

    Implementation

    Formulation

    Gender Mainstreaming in the project cycle

    How?

    Case studies

    Group Activity

    Gender & Youth

    Gender Inequalities & Intersectionality

    Let's think deeply: Which gender inequalities you recognize in the following areas? :1) Education2) Work 3) Health 4) Decision making5) Laws and rights

    Group Activity

    https://vimeo.com/409866367

    What is the Gender Inequality Index? > Index for measurement of gender disparity > Over 162 countries > Established by the United Nations in 2010 > Ranges between 0 and 1 > Close to 0 = more equality between men and women

    Gender Inequality Index (GII)

    Do you think this GII is useful way of measuring gender inequalities?

    The component indicators highlight areas in need of critical policy intervention and it stimulates proactive thinking and public policy to overcome systematic disadvantages of women.

    https://genderstats.un.org/#/home

    Gender inequality is the most pervasive form of inequality around the world and a pressing human rights concern.

    Gender inequalities

    Intersectionality

    Kimberlé Crenshaw(1989) explained Intersectional feminism as, “a prism for seeing the way in which various forms of inequality often operate together and exacerbate each other”.“An intersectional approach shows the way that people’s social identities can overlap, creating compounding experiences of discrimination. “We tend to talk about race inequality as separate from inequality based on gender, class, sexuality or immigrant status. What’s often missing is how some people are subject to all of these, and the experience is not just the sum of its parts,”

    >Intersectionality is an analytical framework for understanding how aspects of a person's social and political identities combine to create different modes of discrimination and privilege. >Examples of these aspects are gender, caste, sex, race, class, sexuality, religion, disability, physical appearance. Intersectionality identifies multiple factors of advantage and disadvantage. >These intersecting and overlapping social identities may be both empowering and oppressing

    https://youtu.be/sWP92i7JLlQ

    Instead it is a result of interconected social systems

    Discrimination or lack of discrimination is not limited to individual experiences

    Power dynamics

    Be aware of these privileges,do NOT use them to ABUSE but share the power.

    POWER is the position of privilege I have in my group, in the world -It is dynamic, it changes all the time -It is in relationship RANK is the difference in power at a given moment: high - low

    POWER and RANK

    >> We do perceive the lack of privilege, but we don´t perceive it when we have it>> This way to be in the world is the "normal", and not able to see that others do not have it so "easy". >> Bring the attention to their interests, their issues in the centre.>> This makes the people with less privileges angry, frustrated, etc.

    POWER DYNAMICS

    very COMPLEX >> simplifying does not helpIs always one element in tensions or conflictsAnd this social categories are part of the identity, of the way of being in this world of the people, you take them everywhere.

    POWER DYNAMICS

    >> STRUCTURAL or SOCIAL >> LOCAL or CONTEXTUAL>> PERSONAL - Psychological - Spiritual or "Being in the world"

    RANK

    PRIVILEGE & RANK Excercise

    Group Activity

    DIMENSIONS in organizations

    I. ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE

    Gender and Organizational Change

    • Governance and decision-taking process
    • Team care, emotional managment and conflict transformation
    • Communication.

    RESULTS

    PROCESS

    PEOPLE

    PILLARS of a GROUP

    COHESION

    INQUIRY

    EMOTIONAL SPACES

    DECISION-TAKING

    SPACES in a GROUP

    IMPLICIT // INFORMAL >>> Who takes care of the people´s needs? >>> Who takes care of the space?

    EXPLICIT // FORMAL: >>> Organigram >>> Team meetings: cohesion? celebration? emotional?

    STRUCTURE of the GROUP

    What is your experience in the groups you are part of?

    Group Activity

    I. CARE WORK & RECONCILIATION

    CARE is the invisible base of the economic system >> It is understood that care is the responsibility of women and is, for the most part, performed without monetary compensation. >> Because care work is neither paid nor valued it is not measured; because it is not visible it is not taken into account in policymaking. Time-use surveys are a key tool to end this vicious cycle. >> Unpaid care work often acts as a cushion that absorbs the costs of readjustments of the economic system. >> Care’s invisibility means that it enters the public debate only when care needs are not being met.

    Source: http://www.ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/multimedia/maps-and-charts/enhanced/WCMS_721348/lang--en/index.htm

    CAPITALIST PATRIARCHAL SOCIETY

    • Work that sustain life: not remmunerated
    • While workers can do a better work having someone - women - taking care of them and their home and families (elder people, children, etc)
    • Women cannot access to the same job opportunities
    • Social and environmental costs not included in the production cost.

    the sustainability of life

    Why reproductive work is invisible?

    points out the need to recognize interdependencies between human beings and between humans and nature. It sees humans as interdependent and eco-dependent beings that all need care and attention to survive.

    require the systematic domination and exploitation of both women and nature.

    life in the center

    Ecofeminism

    capital acumulation

    Capitalism

    Tasks such as : >> maintenance or logistics jobs ( tidying up, replenishing breakfasts, calling maintenance technicians, coordination with suppliers)>> emotional care or team management, such as mediation, accompaniment, conflict resolution, care >> invisibilized jobs of representation, links or informal relationships. It is essential that we develop tools to make these jobs visible, recognize them, name them, name them, remunerate them, rotate them and distribute them.

    CARE WORK IN THE ORGANIZATION

    The responsibility of organizations and companies to ensure that the care for which men and women are responsible OUTSIDE the entity is possible and compatible with the development of work. One's own self-care, rest, leisure, social life, training must also be reconciled.

    RECONCILIATION

    In the organizations you are part of: >> Who carries out reproductive and care work?>> Is it visible?>> Is it valued?>> Is it paid and how?

    Group Activity

    III. GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE in organizations

    What forms of gender-based violence are there? Under the Istanbul Convention acts of gender-based violence are emphasised as resulting in ‘physical, sexual, psychological or economic harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occuring in public or in private life.’

    Gender-based violence is a phenomenon deeply rooted in gender inequality, one of the most serious human rights violations within all societies. Gender-based violence is violence directed against a person because of their gender.

    Gender- Based Violence

    The Istanbul Convention is a human rights treaty to prevent and combat violence against women and domestic violence..was open for signatures 2011. entered into force 2014

    WHAT IS THE ADDED VALUE OF THE ISTANBUL CONVENTION? ■The convention makes it clear that violence against women and domestic violence can no longer be considered a private matter, but that states have an obligation, through comprehensive and integrated policies, to prevent violence, protect victims and punish the perpetrators. DOES THE ISTANBUL CONVENTION APPLY ONLY TO WOMEN? ■No. The convention applies mostly to women because it covers forms of violence that only women experience because they are women (forced abortion, female genital mutilation), or that women experience much more often than men

    Kaskan ER, Ho IK (2016). "Microaggressions and Female Athletes". Sex Roles.

    Sue DW (2010). Microaggressions in Everyday Life: Race, Gender, and Sexual Orientation.

    Examples of sexist microaggressions are : >> a man refusing to wash dishes because it is 'women's work' >> someone making unwanted sexual advances toward another person".>> to refer to men by their surname (Sánchez, Rivera, Iglesias) and to women by their first name (Susana, Irene).>> a men says that he"helps" in the care work of the office and team, assuming that the work is a woman's work and he is helping, not participating in equality.

    Women encounter microaggressions in which they are made to feel inferior, sexually objectified, and bound to restrictive gender roles

    Microaggression is a term used for brief and commonplace daily verbal, behavioral or environmental indignities, whether intentional or unintentional, that communicate hostile, derogatory, or negative attitudes toward stigmatized or culturally marginalized groups.

    MICROAGGRESSIONS

    Group Activity

    Which other microaggressions do we find in organizations?

    How can we prevent GBV in organizations?

    ¡Thank you!

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