TLOWP

TLOWP

European Day of Languages

POLAND

Polish or simply polski, is a West Slavic language of the Lechitic group. It is spoken primarily in Poland and serves as the native language of the Poles which is spoken by over 50 million people.

• Historically, Polish began to emerge as a distinct language around the 10th century, the process largely triggered by the establishment and development of the Polish state.
• Mieszko I, ruler of the Polans tribe from the Greater Poland region, united a few culturally and linguistically related tribes from the basins of the Vistula and Oder before eventually accepting baptism in 966.
• With Christianity, Poland also adopted the Latin alphabet, which made it possible to write down Polish, which until then had existed only as a spoken language.

Maria Edu

Student

Did you know?

Polish, along with Czech and Slovak, forms the West Slavic dialect continuum

Polish has traditionally been described as consisting of four main regional dialects: Greater Polish, Lesser Polish, Masovian, Silesian.

It is also spoken as a second language in Northern Czech Republic and Slovakia, western parts of Belarus and Ukraine as well as in Central-Eastern Lithuania and Latvia.

TURKEY

Stan Cosmin Andrei

Student

Turkish language, Turkish Türkçe or Türkiye Türkçesi, the major member of the Turkic language family within the Altaic language group. Turkish is spoken in Turkey, Cyprus, and elsewhere in Europe and the Middle East. With Gagauz, Azerbaijani (sometimes called Azeri), Turkmen, and Khorāsān Turkic, it forms the southwestern, or Oğuz, branch of the Turkic languages.

• Modern Turkish is the descendant of Ottoman Turkish and its predecessor, so-called Old Anatolian Turkish, which was introduced into Anatolia by the Seljuq Turks in the late 11th century.

• After the founding of the Turkish republic in 1923, the Arabic script was replaced by the Latin alphabet on 1928.

From the point of view of linguistic development, four periods of Turkish may be differentiated: Old (Anatolian and Ottoman) Turkish, 13th–16th century; Middle (Ottoman) Turkish, 17th–18th century; Newer (Ottoman) Turkish, 19th century; and Modern Turkish, 20th century.

TURKISH language

Bălăceanu Mara

Student

Italy

• Italy, country of south-central Europe, occupying a peninsula that juts deep into the Mediterranean Sea. Italy comprises some of the most varied and scenic landscapes on Earth and is often described as a country shaped like a boot.
• The capital is Rome, one of the oldest of the world’s great cities and a favourite of visitors, who go there to see its great monuments and works of art. Standard Italian, as a written administrative and literary language, was in existence well before the unification of Italy in the 1860s. However, in terms of spoken language, Italians were slow to adopt the parlance of the new nation-state, identifying much more strongly with their regional dialects. Emigration in the late 19th and early 20th centuries played an important role in spreading the standard language; many local dialects had no written form, obliging Italians to learn Italian in order to write to their relatives.
• The sound system of Italian is quite similar to that of Latin or Spanish.
• Its grammar is also similar to that of the other modern Romance languages.

Rome must be considered one of the most successful imperial powers in history. In the course of centuries Rome grew from a small town on the Tiber River in central Italy into a vast empire that ultimately embraced England, all of continental Europe west of the Rhine and south of the Danube, most of Asia west of the Euphrates, northern Africa, and the islands of the Mediterranean.

"A vorbi despre limba in care gandesti este ca o sarbatoare" .......Nichita Stanescu

Andreea P & Alexandra T

Student

Romanians always used the general term "rumân/român" or regional terms like "ardeleni" (or "ungureni"), "moldoveni" or "munteni" to designate themselves.

The first known Dacoromanian text is a private letter of Walachian origin dated 1521, though some manuscript translations of religious texts show Transylvanian dialect features and may be earlier.

GREECE

GREEK

• Greek (Ελληνικά, simplified reading / elini'ka /) is an Indo-European language, spoken in Greece since at least the 17th century BC. From the earliest times since written documents have been preserved, the Greek language appears divided into several dialects.
• Originally there was a great variety of dialects, systematized today in four groups: Arcado-Cypriot, Western, Aeolian and Ionian-Attic. The Greek alphabet was the basis of Latin, Cyrillic, Armenian and many other writing systems.
• The first textual evidence of the Greek language dates from the 15th century BC, from the writing of Linear B associated with the Mycenaean civilization. Greek became a lingua franca widely spoken in the Mediterranean world and beyond in Classical Antiquity, and would later become an official language in the Byzantine Empire.
• The names of the people and the country differ from those used in other languages, places or cultures. Although the Greeks call their country Hellas or Ellada (Greek Ελλάς or Ελλάδα) and the official name is the Hellenic Republic, in Romanian it is called Greece, a Latin term used by the Romans (in the spelling Graecia), which literally means "land of the Greeks", which derives itself from the Greek name Γραικός (transliterated Graikos).

Dumitru Oana Maria

STUDENT

RO Team

Subtitle here

Maria E

STUDENT

Oana D

STUDENT

Andreea P

STUDENT

Cosmin S

STUDENT

Mara B

STUDENT

Webliography

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Name_of_Greece
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_language
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_language
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_language
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanian_language