past vs present perfect

Past Simple

present perfect

PAST SIMPLE where did I leave my wallet? (?) There was an accident. (+) It didn’t drink the water. (-) They bought a new car. (+) The army attacked that city in 1982 (+)

DECLARATIVE PRESENT PERFECT (+) My sister has already made a big cake. You have grown since the last time I saw you. I have known Michael since high school. I have studied at home for one hour. My baby has slept since all night. Scientists have split the atom.

NEGATIVE PRESESNT PERFECT (-) I have never been to Texas. (never= not ever) They haven’t gone to the shopping center. No, they haven’t played yet My sister has not found the key to the bathroom He has never eaten these pizzas. People have not traveled to Venus.

INTERROGATIVE PRESENT PERFECT (?) Have they played the piano? has your sister learned to speak Spanish? have you seen that movie? has She gone to the library? What has Alex studied two foreign languages for? How long have you lived here? Where have you gone for this week?

Differences between Past Simple form sentences and Present Perfect form sentences Perbedaan yang paling mendasar dari bentuk kalimat past simple dengan Present perfect adalah dari bentuk kata kerjanya Past simple Verb+d/ed/ied/irregular past verbs (did not) Present Perfect have/has + Verb+d/ed/ied/irregular past participle We were elementary students We have been junior Highschool She was at library an hour ago She has been to library I had a bicycle in 2010 I have had motorcycle this year She did not iron her uniform She has not ironed her uniform Did you go to Bandung last week? Have you gone to Bandung? Untuk bentuk negative simple past bentuk verb tetap seperti bentuk baku/aslinya karena sudah menggunakan auxiliary (kata kerja bantu) did. Untuk negasinya (makna tidak) menggunakan not. Sementara dalam present perfect bentuk verb nya tetap menggunakan past participle.