Pronunciation

by Dennis Cubillo

PRONUNCIATION

Diphthongs: /eɪ/ - /aɪ/ - /aʊ/ - /ɔɪ/

/ʌ/

/ə/

/oʊ/

/u/

/ʊ/

/ɔ/

/ɑ/

/æ/

/ɛ/ /e/

/ɪ/

/i/

Vowels

Diphthongs: /eɪ/ - /aɪ/ - /aʊ/ - /ɔɪ/

/ʌ/

/ə/

/oʊ/

/u/

/ʊ/

/ɔ/

/ɑ/

/æ/

/ɛ/ /e/

/ɪ/

/i/

Vowels

SheBe Bee Tea Free Agree Three

Mean Need Deep Seal Leave Police Scene

EelEast Each Easy Even Either Eagle

End

Middle

Beginning

/i/ as in EAT

Other spelling patterns are possible: "i" (police), "eo" (people), "y" (any)

Seize
Neither
Either
Seizure

Niece
Brief
Piece
Relief

Team
Lean
Preach
Teach

See
Deed
Heel
Bees

She
We
Scene
These

"ei"

"ie"

"ee"

"ea"

"e"

Common spelling patterns for /i/

Shall we meet next weekend?
I'll see you tomorrow at three.
Good evening, Ms. Dean.
Pleased to meet you.
Lee has no reason to leave.
They reached a peace agreement yesterday.
When is the best season to plant peaches?
I love the cold breeze that smells like trees.
We cannot keep any secrets.

* Read the following statements. Underline the words that are pronounced with /i/ *

Shall we meet next weekend?
I'll see you tomorrow at three.
Good evening, Ms. Dean.
Pleased to meet you.
Lee has no reason to leave.
They reached a peace agreement yesterday.
When is the best season to plant peaches?
I love the cold breeze that smells like trees.
We cannot keep any secrets.

* Let's Check *

Pencil
Season
Agree
Bean
Ice
Meat
Spring
Holiday
Even

Steam
Stem
Easy
Window
Christmas
Easter
Difficult
Tree
Six

* Underline the words that are pronounced with /i/ *

Pencil
Season
Agree
Bean
Ice
Meat
Spring
Holiday
Even

Steam
Stem
Easy
Window
Christmas
Easter
Difficult
Tree
Six

* Let's check *

Bead - Great - Leave - Tea
Eight - Either - Believe - Niece
Scene - Women - These - Even
Need - Still - Sleep - Thirteen
Police - Thieve - Machine - Vision
Friend - Wheat - Sweet - Pretty
People - Bread - Deal - East
Receive - Tin - Steam - Team

* Circle the word that is not pronounced with /i/ *

Bead - Great - Leave - Tea
Eight - Either - Believe - Niece
Scene - Women - These - Even
Need - Still - Sleep - Thirteen
Police - Thieve - Machine - Vision
Friend - Wheat - Sweet - Pretty
People - Bread - Deal - East
Receive - Tin - Steam - Team

* Let's check! *

GiveMiss Simple Listen Little Minute Winter

IsIf It Into Inch Issue Instant

Middle

Beginning

/ɪ/ as in IT

* Most common spelling pattern is: "i" + final consonant (Hit, Trip, Begin) * Other patterns: "o" (women), "e" (pretty), "u" (busy), "ee" (been).

Sin
It
Lips
With

Build
Quick
Guilty
Guitar

Gym
Symbol
System
Rhythm

"i"

"ui"

"y"

Common spelling patterns for /ɪ/

This is it.
This is Miss Smith, my sister in law.
Give this list to Bill.
The picture is big and nice.
Is the building finished yet?.
Will will sit in a minute.
Did you give him his gift?
This winter may be bitter.
I slipped and fellin a pit.

* Read the following statements. Underline the words that are pronounced with /ɪ/ *

This is it.
This is Miss Smith, my sister in law.
Give this list to Bill.
The picture is big and nice.
Is the building finished yet?.
Jill will sit in a minute.
Did you give him his gift?
This winter may be bitter.
I slipped and fell in a pit.

LET'S CHECK!

Fifty - Sixty - Eighteen - Six
Window - Sill - Widow - Wipe
Freedom - Sympathy - Simple - Symbol
Building - Smile - Little - Guitar
Pistol - Resign - Fiddle - Whistle
Quit - Criminal - Crime - Brittle
Sheep - Flip - Tickle - Fifteen
Business - Women - Leave - Lift

* Circle the word that is not pronounced with /ɪ/ *

Fifty - Sixty - Eighteen - Six
Window - Sill - Widow - Wipe
Freedom - Sympathy - Simple - Symbol
Building - Smile - Little - Guitar
Pistol - Resign - Deed - Whistle
Quit - Criminal - Crime - Brittle
Sheep - Flip - Tickle - Fifteen
Business - Women - Leave - Lift

* Let's check *

List
Cheap
Deed
Did
Live
Hit
Wheel
Phil

Least
Chip
Seat
Heat
Will
Leave
Feel
Sit

Classify the following words according to the vowel sound (/i/ or /ɪ/)

/i/ /ɪ/

List
Chip
Sit
Hit
Will
Live
Phil

Least
Cheap
Seat
Heat
Wheel
Leave
Feel

Let's check!

BetNext West Rent Many Bread Present

AnyEnd Edge Else Error Elephant Every

Middle

Beginning

/e/ as in EGG

Other spelling patterns are possible: "a" (any), "ai" (again), "ie" (friend), "ue" (guest), "eo" (leopard)

Head
Lead
Dead
Meadow

Yes
Sell
Never
Red

"ea"

"e"

Common spelling patterns for /e/

Please, but a head of lettuce.
You said she is your best friend.
She is a wealthy engineer.
I have never been better in my life.
Fred left a message.
Don't forget to send the lesson plan.
The weather is weird in September
She always has breakfast at ten.
Leather shoes are very expensive.

* Read the following statements. Underline the words that are pronounced with /e/ *

Please, buy a head of lettuce.
You said she is your best friend.
She is a wealthy engineer.
I have never been better in my life.
Fred left a message.
Don't forget to send the lesson plan.
The weather is weird in September
She always has breakfast at ten.
Leather shoes are very expensive.

LET'S CHECK!

Eleven
Remember
Reference
Secretary
Telephone

December
Reject
Every
Elevator
Seventeen

Listen to the words and circle letters that are pronounced /e/.

Eleven
Remember
Reference
Secretary
Telephone

December
Reject
Every
Elevator
Seventeen

Let's check!

* Circle the word that is not pronounced with /e/ *

Any - Crazy - Anywhere - Many
Paper - Letter - Send - Pencil
Seven - Eleven - Eight - Twenty
Health - Wreath - Breath - Wealth
Reading - Ready - Already - Head
Present - Precious - Preview - President
Mexico - Egypt - Texas - America

Let's check!

Any - Crazy - Anywhere - Many
Paper - Letter - Send - Pencil
Seven - Eleven - Eight - Twenty
Health - Wreath - Breath - Wealth
Reading - Ready - Already - Head
Present - Precious - Preview - President
Mexico - Egypt - Texas - America

CatMap Have Back Last Black Rapid

AtAm And Ask That Action Apples

Middle

Beginning

/æ/ as in AT

* Less frequent pattern: "au" (Laugh)

Natural
Sample
After
Animals
Pass
Mathematics

"a"

Common spelling patterns for /æ/

This is our last chance.
I'll be back in a minute.
Glance quickly at the door.
We need to wrap it up.
Is that a fact?
Why do you have a matches in your hand?
Where can I catch a cab around here?
What about a ham sandwhich?
She's married to Sam.

* Read the following statements. Underline the words that are pronounced with /æ/ *

This is our last chance.
I'll be back in a minute.
Glance quickly at the door.
We need to wrap it up.
Is that a fact?
Why do you have matches in your hand?
Where can I catch a cab around here?
What about a ham sandwhich?
She can't be married to Sam.

LET'S CHECK!

Attack
Saturday
Canada
Dallas
Package

Gamble
Africa
California
Fascinate
Alaska

Listen to the words and circle letters that are pronounced /æ/

Attack
Saturday
Canada
Dallas
Package

Gamble
Africa
California
Fascinate
Alaska

Let's check!

Classify the highlighted sounds according to their pronunciation as: (1) /i/, (2) /ɪ/, (3) /e/, and (4) /æ/

As organizations start to move out of the immediate response phase where different approaches were taken across geographies, from delaying financial reporting to allowing for remote annual general meetings and electronic signatures, this time provides a moment to consider our role as auditors serving the public interest.

annual /ˈæn.ju.əl/ general /ˈdʒen.ər.əl/ meetings /ˈmiː.t̬ɪŋz/ and /ænd/ electronic /iˌlekˈtrɑː.nɪk/ signatures /ˈsɪɡ.nə.tʃɚz/ this /ðɪs/ consider /kənˈsɪd.ɚ/ auditors /ˈɑː.dɪ.t̬ɚ/ serving /ˈsɝː.vɪŋ/ public /ˈpʌb.lɪk/ interest /ˈɪn.trɪst/

Classify the highlighted sounds according to their pronunciation as: (1) /i/, (2) /ɪ/, (3) /e/, and (4) /æ/

As /æz/ immediate /ɪˈmiː.di.ət/ response /rɪˈspɑːns/ where /wer/ different /ˈdɪf.ɚ.ənt/ approaches /əˈproʊ.tʃɪz/ geographies /dʒiˈɑː.ɡrə.fiz/ delaying /dɪˈleɪ.ɪŋ/ reporting /rɪˈpɔːr.t̬ɪŋ/ allowing /əˈlaʊ.ɪŋ/ remote /rɪˈmoʊt/

TopLock Shop Hospital Watch Problem Block

OnOdds Arm Are Honest Artist Option

Middle

Beginning

/ɑ/ as in HOT

HINTS: * "o" followed by "b", "d", "g", "p", "t", or "ck" is USUALLY pronounced /ɑ/ * "a" followed by "r" is USUALLY pronounced /ɑ/.

Want
Wallet
Father
Dark

Fox
Spot
Opera
Follow

"a"

"o"

Common spelling patterns for /ɑ/

Buy an alarm clock, please.
We need to check the stock market.
The gas station is not far apart.
It was hard to start the car.
Where should I park the car?
They are cops and robbers.
The doctor is at the hopital for an operation.
Honest politicians solve problems.
Ross heard a shot in the shopping mall.

* Read the following statements. Underline the words that are pronounced with /ɑ/ *

Buy an alarm clock, please.
We need to check the stock market.
The gas station is not far apart.
It was hard to start the car.
Where should I park the car?
They are cops and robbers.
The doctor is at the hospital for an operation.
Honest politicians solve problems.
Ross heard a shot in the shopping mall.

Let's check!

Montreal
Chicago
Stockholm
Amsterdam

Bahamas
Manchester
Arkansas
Vermont

Moscow
Aberdeen
Nevada
Oslo

Travel Agents:Circle the city names that DON'T have /ɑ/. What's the sound that the other cities have in common?

/ˌmɑːn.triˈɔːl/
/ʃɪˈkɑ.ɡoʊ/
/ˈstɑːk.hoʊm/
/ˈæm.stɚ.dæm/

/bəˈhɑː.məz/
/ˈmæn.tʃes.tɚ/
/ˈɑːr.kən.sɑː/
/vɚˈmɑːnt/

/ˈmɑː.skoʊ/
/æb.ɚˈdiːn/
/nəˈvɑː.də/
/ˈɑːz.loʊ/

Travel Agents:What's the sound that the other cities have in common?

Tiger
Ostrich
Opossum
Kangaroo
Python

Dolphin
Elephant
Lobster
Parrot
Octopus

Fox
Rhinoceros
Leopard
Lion
Giraffe

At the Zoo: Circle the animal names that have /ɑ/.

/ˈtaɪ.ɡɚ/
/ˈɑː.strɪtʃ/
/əˈpɑː.səm/
/ˌkæŋ.ɡəˈruː/
/ˈpaɪ.θɑːn/

/ˈdɑːl.fɪn/
/ˈel.ə.fənt/
/ˈlɑːb.stɚ/
/ˈper.ət/
/ˈɑːk.tə.pəs/

/fɑːks/
/raɪˈnɑː.sɚ.əs/
/ˈlep.ɚd/
/ˈlaɪ.ən/
/dʒɪˈræf/

At the Zoo:

/æ/

/ɑ/

cap
hat
pat
lag
lack

cop
hot
pot
log
lock

Listen to the words and circle the one you hear.

/æ/

/ɑ/

cap
hat
pat
lag
lack

cop
hot
pot
log
lock

Answers

/æ/

/ɑ/

black
iPad
add
crap
cab

block
iPod
odd
crop
cob

Listen to the words and circle the one you hear.

Video! : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SMJrIzjnmDM

/æ/

/ɑ/

black
iPad
add
crap
cab

block
iPod
odd
crop
cob

Answers

Classify the highlighted sounds as: /i/, /ɪ/, /e/, /æ/, or /ɑ/.

I think it's true what they say that the dream is borrowed You give it back tomorrow Minus the sorrow And the pain she just comes in to break up the daydream Her knife edges waving To keep from feeling the same thing

It was easier to have fun back when we had nothing Nothing much to manage Back when we were damaged Sometimes the freedom we wanted feels so uncool Just clean the pool And send the kids to school

we /wi/damaged /ˈdæm.ɪdʒd/ freedom /ˈfriː.dəm/ wanted /ˈwɑːn.t̬ɪd/ feels /fiːlz/ clean /kliːn/ send /send/ kids /kɪdz/

It /ɪt/ easier /ˈiː.zi.ɚ/ have /hæv/ back /bæk/ had /hæd/ manage /ˈmæn.ədʒ/ Back /bæk/ when /wen/

think /θɪŋk/ it's /ɪts/ what /wɑːt/ dream /driːm/ borrowed /ˈbɑːr.oʊd/ give /ɡɪv/ it /ɪt/ back /bæk/

she /ʃi/ in /ɪn/ daydream /ˈdeɪ.driːm/ edges /edʒ.ɪz/ waving /weɪ.vɪŋ/ keep /kiːp/ feeling /ˈfiː.lɪŋ/ thing /θɪŋ/

AweRaw Law Saw Claw Flaw Straw

Boss Song Store Across Broad Call Mall

OrOff Awful Often Ought Always Offer

End

Middle

Beginning

/ɔ/ as in ALL

Other spelling patterns are possible: "oa" (broad), "ou" (cough).

Auto
Fault
Cause
Auction

Jaw
Lawn
Dawn
Drawn

Fall
Call
Mall
Stall

Dog
Toss
Lost
Long

"au"

"aw"

"a"

"o"

Common spelling patterns for /ɔ/

We had to call off the meeting.
I think it's time to call it quits.
How much does the coffee cost?
He's all talk.
There is a reward for a lost dog.
You can wear your hair long or short.
I fought the law, and the law won.
I had an awful cough.
I am a lost cause.

* Read the following statements. Underline the words that are pronounced with /ɔ/ *

We had to call off the meeting.
I think it's time to call it quits.
How much does the coffee cost?
He's all talk.
There is a reward for a lost dog.
You can wear your hair long or short.
I fought the law, and the law won.
I had an awful cough.
I am a lost cause.

Let's check!

GoSo No Toe Ago Sew Show

Boat BothCoat Nose Roam Load Spoke

OatOwn Oak Old Only Over Open

End

Middle

Beginning

/oʊ/ as in ALL

HINTS: * "o" in words ending in a silent "e" * "oa" * "o" + "ld"

dough
though
shoulder
mould*

toe
foe
goes
Joe

know
owe
grow
throw

soap
goat
loan
foam

no
rope
vote
home

"ou"

"oe"

"oa"

"ow"

"o"

Common spelling patterns for /oʊ/

I want Joe to leave me alone.
I have told you about that over and over again.
Hold my phone, please.
You need to close and reopen your account.
I noticed Tony broke a toe.
Ramona sews her own clothes.
We buy homegrown tomatoes and potatoes.
Don't go home so soon.
I hope you're only joking.

* Read the following statements. Underline the words that are pronounced with /oʊ/ *

I want Joe to leave me alone.
I have told you about that over and over again.
Hold my phone, please.
You need to close and reopen your account.
Jill noticed Tony broke a toe.
Ramona sews her own clothes.
We buy homegrown tomatoes and potatoes.
Don't go home so soon.
I hope you're only joking.

Let's check!

Mixing bowl
Bookcase
Television
Coat rack
Freezer

Telephone
Sofa
Window
Faucet
Radio

Clock
Stove
Doorknob
Toaster
Can opener

The Fixers: The items with /oʊ/ are broken and you need to fix them. Circle ALL the items that need fixing.

Mixing bowl
Bookcase
Television
Coat rack
Freezer

Telephone
Sofa
Window
Faucet
Radio

Clock
Stove
Doorknob
Toaster
Can opener

The Fixers: The items with /oʊ/ are broken and you need to fix them. Circle ALL the items that need fixing.

Brown - Crowd - Towel - Known
Pocket - Trouble - Notice - Normal
Yellow - Carrot - Lemon - Orange
Ankle - Toes - Foot - Eyebrow
Politics - Governor - Office - Vote
Comb - Tomb - Bomb - Come
Essay - Book - Poem - Story
World - Olive - Country - Tow
Milk - Punch - Root beer - Coke

* Circle the word that is pronounced with /oʊ/ *

Brown - Crowd - Towel - Known
Pocket - Trouble - Notice - Normal
Yellow - Carrot - Lemon - Orange
Ankle - Toes - Foot - Eyebrow
Politics - Governor - Office - Vote
Comb - Tomb - Bomb - Come
Essay - Book - Poem - Story
World - Olive - Country - Tow
Milk - Punch - Root beer - Coke

Let's check!

Do Knew YouShoe Flew Chew Canoe

FoodPool Room Suit Thruth Goose Group

End

Middle

/u/ as in Too

Less frequent spelling patterns: "ui" (fruit), "ou" (group), "oe" (shoe), "ieu" (lieutenant), and "ough" (through)

Due
Blue
Clue
Avenue

Stew
Drew
New
News

To
Who
Tomb
Lose

Cool
Fool
Noon
Stool

June
Rude
Tuna
Rule

"ue"

"ew"

"oo"

"o"

"u"

Common spelling patterns for /u/

Hi! What's new with you?
Hello! How are you today?
Who is the man with the black suit?
Lou has a loose tooth.
Lois is not in a good mood.
I am glad that school will be through soon.
You must chew your food thoroughly.
I know you knew, and I can prove it.
The cat ruined my new shoes.
That student is very rude.

* Read the following statements. Underline the words that are pronounced with /u/ *

Hi! What's new with you?
Hello! How are you today?
Who is the man with the black suit?
Lou has a loose tooth.
Lois is not in a good mood.
I am glad that school will be through soon.
You must chew your food thoroughly.
I know you knew, and I can prove it.
The cat ruined my new shoes.
That student is very rude.

Let's check!

PutWood Took Foot Hood Woman Should

CookFull Book Good Look Push Could

Middle

/ʊ/ as in IT

HINTS: * "oo" + "d"/"k": hood, good, wood, book, look, kook * "u" + "sh": bush, push, cushion Less frequent spelling pattern: "o" (wolf, woman)

Could
Would
Should

Stool
Wool
Wood
Cookie

Push
Pull
Bullet
Pudding

"ou"

"oo"

"u"

Common spelling patterns for /ʊ/

Look out! There's a truck coming.
Take a good look at the new project, please.
Luke is a good-looking stud.
He couldn't come yesterday, so he'll come today.
Should we start the meeting?
Who took the red book?
We need someone to put the wood away.
The crook took a good look at the officer.
The woods are full of bushes.
If she's a butcher, she should be a good cook.

* Read the following statements. Underline the words that are pronounced with /ʊ/ *

Look out! There's a truck coming.
Take a good look at the new project, please.
Luke is a good-looking stud.
He couldn't come yesterday, so he'll come today.
Should we start the meeting?
Who took the red book?
We need someone to put the wood away.
The crook took a good look at the officer.
The woods are full of bushes.
If she's a butcher, she should be a good cook.

Let's check!

/__/ /__/ /__/
/__/ /__/ /__/
/__/ /__/ /__/
/__/ /__/ /__/
/__/ /__/ /__/
/__/ /__/ /__/

Too many cooks spoil the soup.
There should be a full moon.
Mr. Brooks is good-looking.
June is a good month to move.
The butcher cooked a goose.
Choose a pair of new shoes.

Check the word you hear.

/u/ /ʊ/ /u/
/ʊ/ /ʊ/ /u/
/ʊ/ /ʊ/ /ʊ/
/u/ /ʊ/ /u/
/ʊ/ /ʊ/ /u/
/u/ /u/ /u/

Too many cooks spoil the soup.
There should be a full moon.
Mr. Brooks is good-looking.
June is a good month to move.
The butcher cooked a goose.
Choose a pair of new shoes.

Check the word you hear.

hood
fool
pull
would
could
look
pool
wooed

cooed
stewed
Luke
shoed
full
should
who'd
stood

Classify the following words according to the vowel sound (/ʊ/ or /u/)

/u/

/ʊ/

could
hood
stood
pull
should
full
would
look

cooed
who'd
stewed
pool
shoed
fool
wooed
Luke

/u/

/ʊ/

could
hood
stood
pull
should
full
would
look

cooed
who'd
stewed
pool
shoed
fool
wooed
Luke

I hate the soot/suit.
I went to Luke/look in the morning, and ...
The ground beef stewed/stood for an hour already.
I have no pull/pool in this building.
I didn't know your boyfriend was a kook/cook.

Check the word you hear.

/ʊ/
/u/
/u/
/ʊ/
/ʊ/

I hate the soot/suit.
I went to Luke/look in the morning, and ...
The ground beef stewed/stood for an hour already.
I have no pull/pool in this building.
I didn't know your boyfriend was a kook/cook.

Check the word you hear.

STRESSED SCHWA

UNSTRESSED SCHWA

WEDGE

SCHWA

/ʌ/

/ə/

HugWon Nut Does Much Must Come Month

UsUp Of Other Under Uncle Onion About

Middle

Beginning

/ʌ/ as in BUT

but
cut
sun
lucky
funny
cup

love
done
some
mother
Monday
money

"u"

"o"

Common spelling patterns for /ʌ/

was
what

flood

"a"

"oo"

does

cousin
trouble

"oe"

"ou"

Less common spelling patterns for /ʌ/

Come in and wait, please.
What does "cover up" mean?
Uncle Buck likes bubble gum.
We need you to come once a month.
My cousin has ugly gloves.
Let's go have fun in the sun.
I love summer months
The lucky couple found money in the country club.
Tell Bud to dust under the rug.

* Read the following statements. Underline the words that are pronounced with /ʌ/ *

Come in and wait, please.
What does "cover up" mean?
Uncle Buck likes bubble gum.
We need you to come once a month.
My cousin has some ugly gloves.
Let's go have fun in the sun.
I love summer months.
The lucky couple found money in the country club.
Tell Bud to dust under the rug.

Let's check!

Beverages

Main Course

Vegetables

Salads

Soups

Appetizers

Cup of tea
Coffee
Beer

Lettuce
Tomato and Cucumber
Caesar

Carrots
Buttered corn
Baked potato

Strip loin
Prime ribs
Roast duck

Shrimp cocktail
Melon
Stuffed mushrooms

French onion
Gazpacho
Clam Chowder

Get a meal! Choose your order by circling the dishes that are pronounced with /ʌ/

Beverages

Main Course

Vegetables

Salads

Soups

Appetizers

Cup of tea
Coffee
Beer

Lettuce
Tomato and Cucumber
Caesar

Carrots
Buttered corn
Baked potato

Strip loin
Prime ribs
Roast duck

Shrimp cocktail
Melon
Stuffed mushrooms

French onion
Gazpacho
Clam Chowder

Get a meal! Let's check!

color
calm
luck
wonder
hut
lock
hot
nut

cut
wander
bomb
not
collar
bum
come
cot

Classify the following words according to the vowel sound (/ʌ/ or /ɑ/)

/ɑ/

lock
calm
wander
collar
hot
not
bomb
cot

luck
come
wonder
color
hut
nut
bum
cut

/ʌ/

/ɑ/

lock
calm
wander
collar
hot
not
bomb
cot

luck
come
wonder
color
hut
nut
bum
cut

/ʌ/

*Circle the word that is NOT pronounced with /ʌ/*

once - alone - lovely - funny
must - rust - nothing - rot
something - open - ugly - wonder
other - oven - over - cover
locker - come - trouble - one
Sunday - Monday - Tuesday - month
collar - color - dozen - cups
brother - lock - lucky - just
peanut - muddy - bunny - modern

once - alone - lovely - funny
must - rust - nothing - rot
something - open - ugly - wonder
other - oven - over - cover
locker - come - trouble - one
Sunday - Monday - Tuesday - month
collar - color - dozen - cups
brother - lock - lucky - just
peanut - muddy - bunny - modern

Let's check!

sodasofa zebra reason famous lemon cousin

agony holiday company buffalo relative photograph personnel

agoaway along amaze upon contain suppose

Last syllable

Middle

1st syllable

/ə/ as in SODA

upon
suppose
circus
column
detritus

occur
obtain
lemon
lesson
contain

liquid
humid
capital
typical
pencil

oven
open
cement
jacket
darkness

arrive
ashamed
asleep
away
signal

"u"

"o"

"e"

"i"

"a"

Common spelling patterns for /ə/

Nation
Vision

"io"

Certain
Fountain

Famous

"ai"

"ou"

delicious

Pigeon

"iou"

"eo"

Less common spelling patterns for /ə/

How are you today?
See you tonight.
See you tomorrow.
Please, don't complain.
I suppose so.
I suppose it's possible.
Consider my complaint.
Complete today's lesson.
My cousin will arrive at seven.

Underline the exact place where /ə/ happens in the following sentences:

How are you today?
See you tonight.
See you tomorrow.
Please, don't complain.
I suppose so.
I suppose it's possible.
Consider my complaint.
Complete today's lesson.
My cousin will arrive at seven.

Let's check!

Prevent
Imitate
Breakfast
Control
Alarm

Telegraph
Rabbit
Alphabet
Depending
Photograph

Listen to the words and circle letters that are pronounced /ə/.

Prevent
Imitate
Breakfast
Control
Alarm

Telegraph
Rabbit
Alphabet
Depending
Photograph

Let's check!

Medical
Attendance
Evidence
Offended
Apartment

Magical
Elephant
Favorite
Principal
Assistance

Listen to the words and circle letters that are pronounced /ə/.

Medical
Attendance
Evidence
Offended
Apartment

Magical
Elephant
Favorite
Principal
Assistance

Let's check!

/ʌ/ + /r/ = /ɝ/

/ə/ + /r/ = /ɚ/

FurBlur Stir Occur Prefer Deter Infer

TurnWord Verb Third Curve Learn Circus

UrnHerb Earn Earth Early Urge Urgent

End

Middle

Beginning

/ɝ/ as in FIRST

* Other patterns: "ear" (heard), "our" (journey), "or" (work).

fern
term
stern
German
servant

hurt
curl
curb
purple
turkey

bird
girl
firm
third
circle

"er"

"ur"

"ir"

Common spelling patterns for /ɝ/

Turn off the air conditioning, please.
I couldn't hear the exact words, but she mentioned a turtle.
First, talk to the girl in the big office.
Herb works early in the morning.
The early bird catches the worm.
This circus goes around the world.
She bought dessert for all the servants.
Irma is celebrating her birthday.
Burton is the worst.

* Read the following statements. Underline the words that are pronounced with /ɝ/ *

Turn off the air conditioning, please.
I couldn't hear the exact words, but she mentioned a turtle.
First, talk to the girl in the big office.
Herb works early in the morning.
The early bird catches the worm.
This circus goes around the world.
She bought dessert for all the servants.
Irma is celebrating her birthday.
Burton is the worst.

Let's check!

desserts
verbs
purpose
word

perfume
church
work
purse
permanent

The girl in the purple skirt bought a _______.
Irma, my German friend, bakes amazing __________.
This document serves a _________.
I heard birds chirping in the abandoned __________.
The nurse wants to have a _______ with you.
The curly haired woman said that this changes are _____________.
I prefer not investing money in ____________.
We need to learn to use causative ________.
Not a single person wants to ________ with you.

Fill in the blanks with one of the words in the box.

desserts
verbs
purpose
word

perfume
church
work
purse
permanent

The girl in the purple skirt bought a purse.
Irma, my German friend, bakes amazing desserts.
This document serves a purpose.
I heard birds chirping in the abandoned church.
The nurse wants to have a word with you.
The curly haired woman said that this changes are permanent.
I prefer not investing money in perfume.
We need to learn to use causative verbs.
Not a single person wants to work with you.

Let's check. What other words have /ɝ/?

desserts
verbs
purpose
word

perfume
church
work
purse
permanent

The girl in the purple skirt bought a purse.
Irma, my German friend, bakes amazing desserts.
This document serves a purpose.
I heard birds chirping in the abandoned church.
The nurse wants to have a word with you.
The curly haired woman said that this changes are permanent.
I prefer not investing money in perfume.
We need to learn to use causative verbs.
Not a single person wants to work with you.

Let's check. What other words have /ɝ/?

BakerButter Mirror Mother Sooner Teacher Deliver Weather

SaturdayLiberty Perhaps Surprise Afternoon Butterfly Flowerpot Understood

End

Middle

/ɚ/ as in ACTOR

Hint: "ar", "er" and "or" in the middle or end of words is usually pronounced /ɚ/

nature
picture
feature
failure
measure

after
paper
father
farmer
silver

sugar
dollar
collar
regular
grammar

color
actor
flavor
doctor
razor

"ure"

"er"

"ar"

"or"

Common spelling patterns for /ɚ/

We have to pay those bills sooner or later.
Let's measure the sugar first.
Better later than never.
We will consider the offer.
Tell John to water the flowers.
The new actor's performance is getting better than ever.
The form will be delivered in the afternoon.
That razor is very sharp.
This is a wonderful theater.

* Read the following statements. Underline the words that are pronounced with /ɚ/ *

We have to pay those bills sooner or later.
Let's measure the sugar first.
Better later than never.
We will consider the offer.
Tell John to water the flowers.
The new actor's performance is getting better than ever.
The form will be delivered in the afternoon.
That razor is sharper than the scissors.
This is a wonderful theater.

Let's check!

Curtain
Backward
Soldier
Weather
Percent
Dirty
Inform
Pleasure
Saturday
Tailor

Acre
Return
Supper
Purple
Shirt
Enter
Third
Nurse
Silver
Mirror

Circle all the words pronounced with /ɚ/

Curtain
Backward
Soldier
Weather
Percent
Dirty
Inform
Pleasure
Saturday
Tailor

Acre
Return
Supper
Purple
Shirt
Enter
Third
Nurse
Silver
Mirror

Circle all the words pronounced with /ɚ/

Murder
Surfer
Firmer
Server
Burner
Herbert
Furniture
Merger

/ɝ/ vs /ɚ/

Murder
Surfer
Firmer
Server
Burner
Herbert
Furniture
Merger

/ɝ/ vs /ɚ/

MURder
SURfer
FIRmer
SERver
BURner
HERbert
FURniture
MERger

/ɝ/ vs /ɚ/

I'll buy the silver urn.
Beware! There's a dangerous curve.
Do you exercise regularly?
The grammar teacher worked on irregular verbs.
Birds of a feather flock together.
Actors need to rehearse before they perform.

/ɝ/ vs /ɚ/

I'll buy the silver urn.
Beware! There's a dangerous curve.
Do you exercise regularly?
The grammar teacher worked on irregular verbs.
Birds of a feather flock together.
Actors need to rehearse before they perform.

/ɝ/ vs /ɚ/

Deliver
Circus
World
Purse
Urgent

Learn
Sugar
Picture
Thirsty
Certain

/ɝ/ vs /ɚ/

Deliver
Circus
World
Purse
Urgent

Learn
Sugar
Picture
Thirsty
Certain

/ɝ/ vs /ɚ/

Auditors are specialists who review the accounts of companies and organisations to ensure the validity and legality of their financial records. They can also act in an advisory role to recommend possible risk aversion measures and cost savings that could be made. Auditors work in the accounting departments of a huge range of firms and with independent chartered and certified firms, examining the money going in and out of organisations and making sure it is recorded and processed correctly.

Underline words with /ɝ/ and circle words with /ɚ/

WaySay Day Lay May Obey Away

SameRain Came Lake Date Table Brake

AteApe Age Aim Ale Able April

End

Middle

Beginning

/eɪ/ as in GAME

Less frequent spelling patterns: "ea" (break, great), "ey" (they, grey), and "ei" (vein)

eight
weight
sleigh
freight
neighbor

day
bay
hay
ray
play

main
fail
wait
grain
raise

late
sane
safe
hate
lady

"eigh"

"ay"

"ai"

"a"

Common spelling patterns for /eɪ/

HINTS: * "a" in a syllable ending in silent "e" (same, name, case, lane, bake) * "ay", "ai", and "ey" USUALLY pronounced /eɪ/ (play, away, bait, aim, they) * "ei" followed by "g" or "n" USUALLY pronounced /eɪ/ (vein, reindeer)

Wake up early, or you'll gain weight.
What's the name of your date?
Take away the garbage.
April showers bring May flowers.
They played a great game yesterday.
Blake got a raising cake fot today's party.
The plane from Spain is late.
Ben is away on vacation.

Underline the exact place where /eɪ/ happens in the following sentences:

Wake up early, or you'll gain weight.
What's the name of your date?
Take away the garbage.
April showers bring May flowers.
They played a great game yesterday.
Blake got a raising cake for today's party.
The plane from Spain is late.
Ben is away on vacation.

Underline the exact place where /eɪ/ happens in the following sentences:

cereal
bananas
baking soda
ice cream
carrots
paper plates

mayonnaise
melon
bacon
gravy
squash
thyme

lettuce
raisins
tomatoes
crackers
celery
peas

steak
bread
cake
potatoes
grapes
toothpaste

Shopping List: You need to buy the items with /eɪ/ . Circle ALL the items that you need.

cereal
bananas
baking soda
ice cream
carrots
paper plates

mayonnaise
melon
bacon
gravy
squash
thyme

lettuce
raisins
tomatoes
crackers
celery
peas

steak
bread
cake
potatoes
grapes
toothpaste

Let's check!

Circle the word that is NOT pronounced with /eɪ/

America - Spain - Asia - Norway
prey - said - say - pray
snake - breath - complain - obey
plate - play - practice - place
break - obtain - awake - breakfast
freight - height - eighty - neighbor
grace - grey - greedy - great
head - break - create - came
laid - tame - seven - crayon

Let's check!

America - Spain - Asia - Norway
prey - said - say - pray
snake - breath - complain - obey
plate - play - practice - place
break - obtain - awake - breakfast
freight - height - eighty - neighbor
grace - grey - greedy - great
head - break - create - came
laid - tame - seven - crayon

Tampa Bay Buccaneers tight end Rob Gronkowski doesn't appear to be fazed by his slow start in Bruce Arians' offense -- one that has rendered him with just two catches for 11 yards on four targets and 33 routes run in two games. He's taking things in stride and treating it with some humor. "I'm a blocking tight end. I came here to block, baby," Gronkowski joked Friday. "So four targets is four more than I thought I was gonna get." It's the lowest production of the five-time Pro Bowler's career through the first two weeks of any season. In his seven other seasons in which he's played in Weeks 1 and 2, he's averaged 8.7 catches on 13.4 targets, 127 receiving yards and 1.85 touchdowns.

Underline words with /eɪ/

Let's check!

CowHow Now Allow Plough

LoudBrown Down Mountain Crowd Mouse Vowel

OwlHour Our Out Ounce Outfit Ourselves

End

Middle

Beginning

/aʊ/ as in House

* Less frequent.

drought
bough
plough

Town
Crown
Power
Powder
Eyebrow

Foul
Sour
Cloud
Thousand
Announce

"ough"*

"ow"

"ou"

Common spelling patterns for /aʊ/

How about you?
I don't like the idea. Count me out, please.
I have so many doubts.
She ran around the house for an hour.
We want to pronounce vowel sounds accurately.
Don't shout out loud in the office!
That ball bounced out of bounds.
Howard is proud of his flowers.

Underline the exact place where /aʊ/ happens in the following sentences:

How about you?
I don't like the idea. Count me out, please.
I have so many doubts.
She ran around the house for an hour.
We want to pronounce vowel sounds accurately.
Don't shout out loud in the office!
That ball bounced out of bounds.
Howard is proud of his flowers.

Underline the words where /aʊ/ happens in the following sentences:

Circle the word that is NOT pronounced with /aʊ/

consonant - vowel - noun - sound
bounce - would - found - round
about - power - allow - arose
frown - flow - brown - down
group - shout - loud - foul
flounder - flood - flower - pounce
plough - drought - thought - thousand
tour - our - sour - hour
count - crown - crowd - could

Let's check

consonant - vowel - noun - sound
bounce - would - found - round
about - power - allow - arose
frown - flow - brown - down
group - shout - loud - foul
flounder - flood - flower - pounce
plough - drought - thought - thousand
tour - our - sour - hour
count - crown - crowd - could

ByCry Dry Dye Die Rye Deny

BiteFive Life Mind Sign Rhyme While

I'mI've Eye Ice Item Aisle Island

End

Middle

Beginning

/aɪ/ as in My

High
Sigh
Sight
Night
Delight
Frighten

Die
Pie
Tie
Cries
Fried
Tried

My
Fly
Why
Type
Style
Thyme

I
Ice
Fire
Bite
Nice
Bicycle

"igh"

"ie"

"y"

"i"

Common spelling patterns for /aɪ/

HINTS: * "i" followed by "gh", "ld", or "nd" USUALLY pronounced /aɪ/ (sight, wild, find) * "i" in a syllable ending in silent "e" is pronounced /aɪ/ (bite, refinement, fine, confine) Re - fine - ment --> /rɪˈfaɪn.mənt/

Hi! Nice to meet you.
Fine! Can you tell me what time it is?
It was a nice try, though.
We have to rise and shine.
That store is open from nine to five.
Kyle will buy the item he saw online for the right price.
Try to type this letter by tomorrow night, please.
My driver's license expires in July.

Underline the exact place where /aɪ/ happens in the following sentences:

Hi! Nice to meet you.
Fine! Can you tell me what time it is?
It was a nice try, though.
We have to rise and shine.
That store is open from nine to five.
Kyle will buy the item he saw online for the right price.
Try to type this letter by tomorrow night, please.
My driver's license expires in July.

Underline the exact place where /aɪ/ happens in the following sentences:

Circle the word that is NOT pronounced with /aɪ/

dying - duty - fine - flight
ice cream - eye - aim - aisle
pretty - try - resign - goodbye
fire - filed - failed - style
knife - knight - nice - niece
reply - cry - bye - gyp
cried - aisle - cite - list
freight - fright - high - sign
kind - mind - finding - spinning
price - pile - pity - crime

Let's check!

dying - duty - fine - flight
ice cream - eye - aim - aisle
pretty - try - resign - goodbye
fire - filed - failed - style
knife - knight - nice - niece
reply - cry - bye - gyp
cried - aisle - cite - list
freight - fright - high - sign
kind - mind - finding - spinning
price - pile - pity - crime

When people adopt a fearful and aggressive personal style, we forget that somewhere inside, hidden by the punk look, the haircuts, the body piercing, the chains, the tattoos or the gang regalia, is a person who basically just wants to be loved and understood. Telling the world to go to hell is often the response of people who believe the world has told them to go to hell. James Merendino's "SLC Punk!'' knows that, and the essential sweetness of its hero is what makes the movie more than just an attempt to shock. It's a memory of Salt Lake City in 1985, the high Reagan era, when Stevo and Heroin Bob are, as far as they know, the only two punks in town. They embrace the anarchism embodied in Sex Pistols' songs, but the depth of their rebellion can be gauged by the fact that Heroin Bob has never taken heroin and has an irrational fear of needles.

ToyBoy Joy Ploy Enjoy

JoinBroil Boil Foil Coin

OilOink Oily Oyster Ointment

End

Middle

Beginning

/ɔɪ/ as in Boy

avoid
noise
poison
choice
voice

annoy
alloy
decoy
destroy
coy

"oi"

"oy"

Common spelling patterns for /ɔɪ/

She has three children, two girls and a boy.
Let's flip a coin.
This guy is starting to annoy me.
Happy birthday! Enjoy yourself!
Please, lower your voice in the library.
Do you like your oysters boiled or broiled?
Go to the supermarket and bring oil and foil.
Nobody enjoys noisy children.
I'd enjoy a trip to Detroit.

Underline the words where /ɔɪ/ happens in the following sentences:

She has three children, two girls and a boy.
Let's flip a coin.
This guy is starting to annoy me.
Happy birthday! Enjoy yourself!
Please, lower your voice in the library.
Do you like your oysters boiled or broiled?
Go to the supermarket and bring oil and foil.
Nobody enjoys noisy children.
I'd enjoy a trip to Detroit.

Underline the words where /ɔɪ/ happens in the following sentences:

Circle the word that is NOT pronounced with /ɔɪ/

hoist - annoy - nose - noise
joy - jaunt - enjoy - join
towel - toy - toil - spoil
Illinois - St. Croix - New York - Detroit
owl - oil - oily - foil
bow - boil - broil - boy
pounce - poison - appoint - point
Joyce - Joan - poise - soil
coin - coy - coal - coil
sirloin - moist - lobster - oyster

Circle the word that is NOT pronounced with /ɔɪ/

hoist - annoy - nose - noise
joy - jaunt - enjoy - join
towel - toy - toil - spoil
Illinois - St. Croix - New York - Detroit
owl - oil - oily - foil
bow - boil - broil - boy
point - poison - appoint - pounce
Joyce - Joan - poise - soil
coin - coy - coal - coil
sirloin - moist - lobster - oyster

Diphthongs: /eɪ/ - /aɪ/ - /aʊ/ - /ɔɪ/

/ʌ/

/ə/

/oʊ/

/u/

/ʊ/

/ɔ/

/ɑ/

/æ/

/ɛ/ /e/

/ɪ/

/i/

Vowels

Thank You!

Pronunciation

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