Film Lexicon
marion.piludu
Created on July 30, 2020
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Transcript
Film Lexicon
To help you with film analysis
This presentation will focus on different techniques.
1. The type of shots2. the camera movements
1. The types of shots
The continuous shot
le plan séquence
The long take
la longue prise
when a shot is equivalent to a scene or sequence
a shot lasting more than a minute
Shots can be defined in terms of duration
Shots can be defined in terms of composition
the closed form
la forme fermée
The open form
la forme ouverte
the spectator's attention focuses on what happens on screen
the spectator' is invited to imagine or anticipate the off-screen
Shots can be defined in terms of distance from the subject. We use what is called the scale of shots
The extreme long shot
le plan général
a broad panoramic view when the camera is far away.
The establishing shot
le plan d'exposition
It establishes the location
The long shot
le plan d'ensemble
It allows to see the characters in their setting
The full shot
le plan moyen, le plein cadre
a shot of the complete human figure, with some of the background visible
The three-quarter shot
le plan américain
a shot showing the subject head-to-thighs. It was used in westerns to show the guns in their holsters.
The mid-shot ; the medium shot
le plan rapproché taille, le plan demi-rapproché
a shot showing the subject head-to-waist
The close shot ; the head-and-shoulder shot
le plan rapproché poitrine
a shot of the head and shoulders
The close up
le gros plan
a shot of the head for example, or an object
The extreme close up ; the insert
le très gros plan, l'insert
an eye, a mouth , the handle of a door, etc.
Shots can be defined by the angle of the camera in relation to the subject.
la profondeur de champ
The high-angle-shot
la plongée
the camera is positioned above the subject. It is sometimes referred to as "god's eye view". the subject seems smaller.
The low-angle-shot
la contre-plongée
the camera shoots up at the subject from below. the subject looks larger. it can suggest dominance, power, threat...
The eye-level shot
la prise horizontale
Most of the shots belong to this category. the camera is neither high or low.
The canted shot ; the Dutch tilt shot
le cadrage penché, le plan à bulle cassée
the shot seems to be the result of a camera movement tilting it to a particular angle as though on a sloping surface
2. The camera movements
The static shot
plan fixe
the camera doesn't move.
The moving shot
le plan en mouvement
the camera moves.
The pan shot
le panoramique horizontal
when the camera rotates horizontally on a fixed axis
The tilt shot
le panoramique vertical
when the camera rotates vertically
The tracking shot
le travelling
the camera is moving on a vehicle (truck, dolly, bicyle...)
The forward tracking shot
le travelling avant
the camera is moving forward on a vehicle
The vertical tracking shot
le travelling vertical
the camera moves vertically on a vehicle
The zoom in
le zoom avant
the camera doesn't move but a lens gives the impression of moving close to the subject
The zoom out
le zoom arrière
the camera doesn't move but a lens gives the impression of moving far away from the subject
The freeze
l'arrêt sur image
all movement suddenly halts. the image turns into a still photograph. it is a form of stopped motion.