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The Spanish Empire was ruled by three monarchs during the 17th century

THE MODERN AGE

S. XVII

FELIPE III

FELIPE IV

CARLOS II

THE SPANISH GOLDEN AGE

1598 - 1621

1621 - 1665

1665 - 1700

1580 - 1660

The 17th Century

During the 17th century, there was an economic recession in Spain. Many changes happened during this time:

  • The population fell after outbreaks of the plague.
  • Spanish hegemony (possessions in Europe) came to an end. Territories were expensive to defend.
  • The amount of Silver sent from Peru fell.
  • Trade routes were not secure. Spanish ships attacked by privateers backed up by other European countries.
  • Absolute monarchy. The Crown held all authority and power.
  • A new figure in the politics is the valido. The kings delegated their power to a royal favourite.
  • Nobles did not pay tax. They did not work and they did little to help the economy.
  • Peassants were very heavily taxed. Slavery was common.

Inherited the throne at the age of twenty. His "valido" was the Duke of Lerma.

  • Moriscos were expelled in 1609
  • There was a farming crisis in the regions of Valencia, Aragón and Murcia caused by the expulsion (there were not enugh peolple to work the land).
  • Peace was secured with England and the United Provinces in Flanders.

FELIPE III (1598 - 1621)

Estatua Felipe III situada en la Plaza Mayor

FELIPE IV (1621 - 1665)

Became king at sixteen. The Count- Duke of Olivares was his "valido".

  • The wars against France and the United Provinces started again.
  • Peasant and merchants were heavily taxed to finance the wars.
  • Portugal became independent.
  • Spain´s defeat against France (1659) marked the end of Spanish hegemony in Europe.

Puerta de Felipe IV en los Jardines del Buen Retiro

Estatua de Felipe IV situada en la plaza de Oriente junto al Palacio Real

CARLOS II (1665 - 1700)

He was weak both physically and mentally. His "valido" was the Duke of Medinaceli.He died without children, markind the end of the Hapsburg Dynasty in Spain.

Escudo de armas de Carlos II situado en una de las fachadas de la Plaza Mayor de Madrid (Casa de la Panadería)

Copy and complete the family tree

Fernando II, el Catolico

Isabel I of Castilla

Carlos I

Isabel de Portugal

Isabel

Juan

Juana I, la loca

María de Aragón

Catalina

Felipe I, el Hermoso

Manuel I de Portugal

Enrique VIII de Inglterra

María I de inglaterra(María Tudor)

Felipe II

2º Matrimonio

Mª Manuela de Portugal

Isabel de Valois

Ana de Austria

Felipe IV

Isabel de Borbón

Mariana De Austria

Carlos II

Margarita de Austria

Felipe III

The Spanish Golden Age

The period from 1580 to 1660 marked THE SPANISH GOLDEN AGE.

The Renaissance developed in Italy caused a revival of the ideas of the classical word (Grecia and Rome). These ideas spread throughout Europe in the 15th and 16th centuries. The Baroque style spread to Spain in the 17th century. This style is usually very playful and has many ornaments.

The Spanish Golden Age

ARCHITECTURE

During the 16th century, two new styles of architecture developed in Spain:

  • PLATERESQUE - ornately decorated facades.
  • HERRERIAN - (Juan de Herrera) simple and sober.

In the 17th century:

  • Baroque - elaborately decorated, often with curved forms.
  • Churrigueresque (a style of Baroque) - buildings are very decorative with carvings and twisting columns.

SCULPTURE

  • Polycrome wooden sculptures.
  • Religious themes.
  • ALONSO DE BERRUGUETE was a notable Spanish sculptor.

The Spanish Golden Age

PAINTING

The painters used a realistic depiction of nature and the human form. The subject of the paintings were often religious or mythological, but portrait painting was important as well.

  • El Greco.He was born in Italy. He brought to Spain many Renaissance ideas. He is famous for the elongated bodies and faces in his paintings.
  • Diego de Velázquez. He is famous for expressing emotions throught realism.

Las meninas es posiblemente la obra mas famosa de Velázquez. Fué pintada en el año 1656. Es una obra de estilo Barroco y que representa a la familia de Felipe IV. Como dato curioso, en ella se puede observar el autorretrato de Velázquez pintando el cuadro.

The Spanish Golden Age

LITERATURE

The Golden Age saw an explosion of new literary styles in Spain.

NOVELSA new style appear, The picaresque novels. These have a protagonist who lives tricking everyone. Lazarillo de Tormes in 1554 (anonymous).

Miguel de Cervantes published Don Quijote de la Mancha in 1605.

The Spanish Golden Age

LITERATURE

MYSTICAL WRITINGThey wrote about their relationship with God.

THEATREIt was popular in the 17th century for people of all social classes.

  • Teresa de Ávila
  • Juan de la Cruz

  • Lope de Vega
  • Calderón de la Barca

CALDERÓN DE LA BARCA

LOPE DE VEGA

The Spanish Golden Age

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TAREA

PERSONAJES

LOPE DE VEGA

MIGUEL DE CERVANTES

DIEGO DE VELÁZQUEZ

EL GRECO

GARCILASO DE LA VEGA

LUIS DE GÓNGORA