REPORTED SPEECH

telling people what other people said

TEACHER: EUGENIO NARBONA GONZÁLEZ ies heliche Olivares, Seville Spain

REPORTED SPEECH

PRONOUNS AND ADJECTIVES: CHANGES NECESSARY A. I = he, she; me = him, her; my = his, her; mine = his, hers; we = they...) She said, “he’s my son”.  She said that he was her son. “I’m ill”, she said.  She said that she was ill. B. THIS / THESE She said, “She’s coming this week”.  She said that she was coming that week. He said, “I bought this pearl/these pearls for my mother”. He said that he had bought the pearl/the pearls for his mother. This, these used as pronouns can become it, they/them. He came back with two knives and said, “I found these beside the king’s bed”.  He said he had found them beside the king’s bed. He said, “We will discuss this tomorrow”.  He said that they would discuss it (the matter) the next day.

PRONOUNS AND ADJECTIVES

DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH today - that day yesterday - the day before the day before yesterday - two days before tomorrow - the next day/the following day the day after tomorrow - in two day’s time next week/year etc. - the following week/year etc. last week/year etc. - the previous week/year etc. a year etc. ago a year before/the previous year

TIME EXPRESSIONS:

VERBAL TENSE CHANGES

1. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet
2. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet
3. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet
4. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet
5. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet
6. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet
7. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet

LOREM IPSUM DOLOR SIT AMET

• OTHER VERBS:
• apologized FOR
• Suggesting + ING
• Warned ABOUT / AGAINST
• Complained THAT
• Advised (me, us, her...) TO
• Insisted ON
• Agreed TO
• Offered TO
• Hoped THAT
• https://kseacademy.com/reporting-verbs/

• TOLD someone. He told (me, her, my mother)
• SAID something. He said THAT he was going home
• ASKED somebody TO do somehing. The police asked the youngsters to go home at ten O'clock
• ASKED if / whether. He asked his friends if they were going out that night
• ASKED (WH). She asked her mother where the restaurant was

REPORTING VERBS

• COMMANDS, REQUESTS, ADVICE IN INDIRECT SPEECH
• Direct command: He said, “Lie down, Tom”.
• Indirect command: He told Tom to lie down.
• Indirect commands, requests, advice are usually expressed by a verb of command/request/advice + object
• + infinitive.
• A. The following verbs can be used: advise, ask, beg, command, order, remind, tell, warn etc.
• He said, “Get your coat, Tom!”  He told Tom to get his coat.
• B. Negative commands, requests etc. are usually reported by not + infinitive:
• “Don’t swim out too far, boys”, I said  I warned/told the boys not to swim out too far.

COMMANDS, REQUESTS, ADVICE!!!

EXCLAMATIONS IN INDIRECT SPEECH Exclamations usually become statements in indirect speech. The exclamation mark disappears. Exclamations beginning What (a) ... or How ... can be reported by: - exclaim/say that: He said, “What a dreadful idea!” or “How dreadful!”  He exclaimed that it was a dreadful idea/was dreadful.Other types of exclamation such as Good! Marvellous! Splendid! Heavens! Oh! Ugh! etc. can be reported as: “Good!” he exclaimed.  He gave an exclamation of leasure/satisfaction.QUESTIONS:Yes/no questions In yes/no questions, we use if or whether to report the question. If is more common. 'Are you going to the Helsinki conference?' He asked me if I was going to the Helsinki conference. 'Have you finished the project yet?' She asked us whether we'd finished the project yet. Questions with a question word In what, where, why, who, when or how questions, we use the question word to report the question. 'What time does the train leave?' He asked me what time the train left. 'Where did he go?' She asked where he went.

+info

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet

OTHER POINTS A. MUST: after a past reporting verb, must does not usually change: He said, “It must be pretty late, I really must go”.  He said that it must be pretty late and he really must go. had to is also possible in reported speech, but this is really the past of have to, not must. He said, “I have to go. I have an appointment in half an hour”  He said that he had to go because he had an appointment in half an hour. B. MODAL VERBS: Past modal verbs (could, might, ought to, should, used to, etc. ) do not normally change in reported speech. He said, “I might come”.  He said that he might come. He said, “I would help him if I could”.  He said that he would help him if he could. He said, “You needn’t wait”.  He said that I needn’t wait. C. CONDITIONALS: Conditional sentences type two remain unchanged. He said, “If my children were older I would emigrate”.  He said that if his children were older he would emigrate.

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Practice on the following links to check your understanding of this unit.https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/reported_speech/sentences.htmONLINE TEST: https://www.examenglish.com/grammar/B1_reported_speech.htmONLINE TEST 2: https://test-english.com/grammar-points/b1/reported-speech-indirect-speech/ONLINE TEST 3: https://www.learnenglishfeelgood.com/reported-speech-mixed1.html#

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