Modern Spain: The 20th Century
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Created on March 7, 2020
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MODERN SPAIN: THE 20th CENTURY
1. Spain in the early 20th century2. The Spanish Civil War3. Spain during Franco’s dictatorship4. Spain since 19755. Art and culture in 20th century Spain
INDEX
SPAIN IN THE EARLY 20th CENTURY
During Alfonso XIII’s reign Spain experienced political and social conflict.
The Liberals and Conservatives continued. However, other parties opposed them: republican parties, nationalist parties in Cataluña and País Vasco, and the Socialist party.There were many strikes.Spain was involved in military conflict in its new colonies in Morocco.
- Later on there was opposition from the army and from Alfonso XIII. Primo de Rivera resigned in 1930.
There was a military coup in 1923. With Alfonso XIII’s support, General Miguel Primo de Rivera established a dictatorship.
- The constitution was suspended.
- Political parties became illegal.
- Freedom of the press was limited by censorship.
These divided Spanish society and caused political conflict.
- The Second Republic began in 1931
- The monarchy was abolished.
- Manuel Azaña became president.
- There was a new constitution and Spain became a democracy.
- The Church lost control of education. Public schools were established.
- There was more regional autonomy.
- The government took land from big landowners.
THE SECOND REPUBLIC
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True
1. During Alfonso XIII´s reign Spain, workers demanded better working conditions.
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False
True
2. After Primo de Rivera established a dictatorship, the press wasn´t limited by censorship.
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False
True
3. The president of the Second Republic was Felipe González.
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True
4. During the Second Republic the goverment took land from big landowners.
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THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR
The war ended in April 1939. As a result of the Nationalist victory, the Second Republic ended. Franco established a right-wing dictatorship.
In July 1936 a military rebellion against the Second Republic. Its leader was General Francisco Franco.
The Republicans were supported by the Soviet Union (Russia).
The Republicans supported the Second Republic.
The Nationalists were supported by Germany and Italy.
The Nacionalist wanted to replace the republic with a right-wing dictatorship.
CONSEQUENCES OF THE WAR:- Around 365.000 people died.- People were imprisoned orkilled because of their opinions.- Roads, bridges, railways and buildings were destroyed.- People became ill.- Many Spanish children were sent to other countries to keep them away from the conflict.
left-wing dictatorship
right-wing dictatorship
Franco and the Nationalists wanted to replace the republic with a...
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The Soviet Union
Germany and Italy.
The Republicans were supported by...
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many children never saw their families again.
15.000 people died
One consequence of the Spanish Civil War was that...
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SPAIN DURING FRANCO´S DICTATORSHIP
Aſter the Nationalists won the Spanish Civil War, Franco established a dictatorship. He made himself the head of state and of the government.
Franco’s dictatorship was based on three pillars:
THE CATHOLIC CHURCH
THE FALANGE
THE MILITARY
Many people who opposed Franco leſt Spain. Republicans who stayed in Spain were imprisoned or killed.
The constitution was abolished and there were no more democratic elections.
- Political parties and trade unions became illegal.- Freedom of the press was replaced by censorship.- There was no regional autonomy. Power was concentrated in the central government.
Admiral Carrero Blanco was prime minister. He wanted to continue the dictatorship. However, he was killed by the Basque terrorist group ETA in 1973. In 1975, Franco died. Juan Carlos became King of Spain.
In the 1970s: Franco was old and ill.
Tourism started to become important.Franco named Juan Carlos de Borbón as his successor.
In the 1960s: there were economic reforms.
In the 1940s and 1950s: living conditions were very hard.
Spain didn’t participate in the Second World War but Franco supported Germany.Aſter the war the United Nations was established. Spain wasn’t allowed to be a member until later on because it was a dictatorship.
The Catholic Church, the military and the Falange
The Budism religion, the military and the monarchy
The Falange, the Catholic Church and the Trade Unions
The military,the monarchy and the Falange
Franco´s dictatorship was based on three pilars:
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Most people were very rich
living conditions weren´t very hard
The United Nations was established
Spain participated in the Second World War
In the 1940s and 1950s:
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Franco was young
In 1975 Juan Carlos became King of Spain
Carrero Blanco was killed by Franco.
Admiral Carrero Blanco was second minister
In the 1970s:
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SPAIN SINCE 1975
Today, Spain is a democracy.
The right to vote and other rights are guaranteed by the constitution.
Aſter Juan Carlos became king in 1975, the transition to democracy began.
During the transition, important reforms were introduced by the prime minister, Adolfo Suárez.- All political parties were made legal.- There was a democratic election in 1977.- A new constitution was written and aprobed in 1978.
On January 1 2002 the euro replaced the peseta as Spain’s currency.
In 1986 Spain became a member of the European Economic Community (now called the European Union).
In 1981 there was an attempted military coup against the government led by Antonio Tejero. It failed.
Since the transition to democracy, two parties have governed Spain at different times: the Socialist Party (PSOE) and the People’s Party (PP). In recent years new parties have been formed, such as Podemos and Citizens.
adopt the euro
Disneyland
dictatorship
democracy
After Juan Carlos became king in 1975, the transition to ... began.
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international
regional
individual
national
The Spanish Constitution recognises ... autonomy
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political
church
millitary
police
In 1981 there was an attempted ... coup against the government led by Antonio Tejero.
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ART AND CULTURE IN 20th CENTURY SPAIN
Abstract art developed in the second half of the 20th century. It represented ideas rather than reality. Eduardo Chillida was an important abstract sculptor from País Vasco. He produced massive, abstract sculptures made of steel and concrete.
Surrealism represented imaginary scenes and fantasies. Salvador Dalí and Joan Miró were important Surrealist artists.
Cubism used geometric shapes to represent people and things. Pablo Picasso was one of the inventors of Cubism.His painting Guernica represents the bombing of a Basque town during the Spanish Civil War.
Spain has influenced the most important artistic movements of the 20th and 21st centuries.
The group included Miguel Hernández and Federico García Lorca. The Civil War split the group: García Lorca was killed by the Nationalists and Miguel Hernández died in prison.
The Generation of ’27
The Generation of ’27 was a group of poets that formed in the 1920s to experiment with new styles of poetry and artistic expression.
Eduardo Chillida
Joan Miró
Pablo Picasso
Salvador Dalí
He was an important abstract sculptor from País Vasco.
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Barroque art
Abstract art
Cubism
Surrealism
This artistic movement used geometric shapes to represent people and things.
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Miguel Hernández and Isabel Bono
Lorca and Miguel de Unamuno
Antonio Machado and Gloria Fuertes
Miguel Hernández and Lorca
The Generation of ´27 was a group that included some poets like...
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Generation of ´27
Surrealism
Abstract art
Cubism
Salvador Dalí and Joan Miró belong to this artistic movement:
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Copy this timeline on your notebook and add two more important events of the 20th century for you.
Spain joined the European Union1986
Constitution is aprobed1978
Spain adopted the euro2002
The Spanish Civil War1936-1939
The Primo de Rivera dictatorship1923-1930
The Franco dictatorship1939-1975
The Second Republic1931-1939
THE TIMELINE OF THE 20th CENTURY SPAIN
The reign of Alfonso XIII 1886-1931
VERY WELL DONE!