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STEAM like Leonardo Erasmus+ project

Group B

Airborne: make it fly!

Título 1

Eva

Salma

Cecilia

Eleonora

Ruxandra

Maksymilian

Paweł

Joran

Renzo

Team

You’ve probably heard of Leonardo’s pioneering "flying machine" designs made 400 years before the Wright Brothers’ first flight – pretty impressive. Focusing on friction and resistance, Leonardo hoped that one day he could teach us all to fly like birds, but he quickly realised that human strength alone could not lift us from the ground. So, he began to look at birds’ wings and other types of wings that might one day make a flying machine.

Historians

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Leonardo da Vinci produced more than 35,000 words and 500 sketches dealing with flying machines, the nature of air, and bird flight. He invented machines to fly and travel inspired by birds. Some of its machines are: airplanes, gliders, parachute or helicopter,Leonardo developed also different types of wings, like the one in the shape of a bat and uses different materials, the wood of spruce, the moleskin covered with feathers and taffeta starched stretched over a loose network.

Historians

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He thought he had everything ready, and he had already designed drawings Inspired by the flight of birds and insects. Most of Leonardo's aeronautical designs were ornithopters, machines that employed flapping wings to generate both lift and propulsion.

Historians

+ Codex of flight

Leonardo da Vinci studied bird flight to learn how a person might take flight. He studied birds to be able to invent flying machines inspired by birds.

Studies of fluid mechanics by Leonardo da Vinci

Leonardo and the fluid-dynamics

Historians

Leonardo da Vinci starting to examine the natural world of fluids and flow in detail. He observed natural phenomena in the visible world. His contributions to fluid mechanics are presented in a nine part treatise that covers water surfaces, movement of water, water waves, eddies, falling water, free jets, interference of waves, and many other newly observed phenomena

Bird bodies are made to fly. They have light bones, strong legs, and specially shaped wings. The curved surfaces of the wings cause air currents which lift the bird. Flapping keeps the air current moving to create lift and also moves the bird forward. Some birds can glide on air currents without flapping. Many birds use this method when they are about to land. Some birds can also hover and remain in one place.

Biologists

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BOUNDING

FLAPPING

GLIDING

Their wings flap and help them to fly high in the air. then, their wings spread out in a strong, straight line to continue soaring.Small birds often fly long ditances using a technique in wich short bursts of flapping are alternated with intevals in wich the wings are folded against the body.Birds use 3 types of flight: 1. Gliding flight 2. Flapping flight 3. Bouding flight

Biologists

Bird flight is helpd by: -the trusht, that is the move of the wing-the shape of the wings -the feathers -a streamlined body-the beak that is lighter than theet-a rigid and light skeleton Feathers on a bird’s wings provide a lightweight but solid surface to push against the air. As the wing flaps downward, the feathers mesh together, then part to allow air through as it sweeps upward again. As well as allowing it to fly, a bird’s feathers keep it warm and dry.

Biologists

hovering

highspeed

elliptical

active

passive

FLAPPING

There are five shapes of bird's wings: -Passive soaring wings -Active soaring wings -Elliptical wings -High-speed wings -Hovering wings The shape of a bird’s wing is important for producing lift. The increased speed over a curved, larger wing area creates a longer path of air. This means the air is moving more quickly over the top surface of the wing, reducing air pressure on the top of the wing and creating lift. Also, the angle of the wing (tilted) deflects air downwards, causing a reaction force in the opposite direction and creating

Biologists

Even if you haven’t been on a plane yourself, you’ve probably wondered how an enormous metal thing can get up into the air – and stay there! Moving forward through the air is called thrust. When you throw a paper plane, it will hit the floor when it runs out of thrust. Real planes have engines or propellers to keep them moving.

PhysicistS

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DRAG

WEIGHT

THRUST

LIFT

What are the 4 principles of flight?

During flight, there are four forces acting on an airplane. These forces are lift, weight, thrust, and drag. Lift is the upward force created by the wing, weight is the pull of gravity on the airplane’s mass, thrust is the force created by the airplane’s propeller or turbine engine, and drag is the friction caused by the air flowing around the airplane.

PhysicistS

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Theory:” Airplanes fly because the pressure above the wing is smaller than the pressure below the wing.”

Bernoulli's principle

An example of Bernoulli's principle is the wing of an airplane; the shape of the wing causes air to travel for a longer period on top of the wing, causing air to travel faster, reducing the air pressure and creating lift, as compared to the distance traveled, the air speed and the air pressure experienced beneath the wing.

Bernoulli's principle - film with experiments

Weight

Thrust

Lift

Force

Drag

Acceleration

Aerodynamics

VOcabulary

  1. www.howthingsfly.si.edu/forces-flight/four-forces
  2. www.teachpe.com/biomechanics/fluid-mechanics/bernoulli-principle
  3. www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/303-how-birds-fly
  4. www.birds.cornell.edu/k12/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Bird-Wing-Types-Handout.pdf
  5. shorturl.at/owEHO
  6. www.mentalfloss.com/article/71659/why-do-birds-fly
  7. www.airandspace.si.edu/stories/editorial/leonardo-da-vinci-and-flight
  8. www.iawe.org/Proceedings/5EACWE/163.pdf
  9. www.phys.org/news/2018-10-leonardo-da-vinci-dynamic-soaring.html

Resources:

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