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Transcript

Group B1

Leonardo da Vinci -The Visionary The Human Eye

6. Pupil constriction 7. Myopia, Hyperopia8. Astigmatism, Presbyopia9. Why do your legs look crooked under water?10. A scketch/A model of the eye

1. The Ocular Adnexa2. The 3 Layers Of The Eye 3. Cornea, Aqueous Humor, Lens, Vitreous Body4. How the does the eye work?5. Acomodation of the lens

INDEX

The Ocular adnexa

The Eyelids

The Extraocular Muscles

= The adjacent structures of the eye such as the lacrimal apparatus (a), the extraocular muscles (b) and the eyelids (c), eyelashes (d), eyebrows (e) and the conjunctiva (f).

1. The ocular adnexa

The lacrimal glands

= The adjacent structures of the eye such as the lacrimal apparatus (a), the extraocular muscles (b) and the eyelids (c), eyelashes (d), eyebrows (e) and the conjunctiva (f).

The Conjunctiva

The Eyebrows

The Eyelashes

1. The ocular adnexa

Corneea, Aqueous Humor, Lens, Vitreous Body

The aqueous humour is a thin, transparent fluid similar to plasma. It’s made up of 99.9% water ­­– the other 0.1% consists of sugars, vitamins, proteins etc. This fluid nourishes the cornea and the lens, and gives the eye its shape.The aqueous humour fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye.

The Aqueous Humor

The Corneea is the transparent front part of the eye that covers the iris, pupil and aterior chamber. The corneea refracts approximately two-thirds of the eye's total optical power.

The Corneea

The vitreous body is the clear gel that fills the space between the lens and the retina of the eyeball.

The Vitreous Body

The lens is a transparent, biconvex structure in the eye that, along with the cornea, helps to refract light to be focused on the retina. The lens, by changing shape, functions to change the focal distance of the eye so that it can focus on objects at various distances.

The Lens

How does the eye work?

Light rays enter the eye through the cornea. The cornea’s refractive power bends the light rays in such a way that they pass freely through the pupil the opening in the center of the iris through which light enters the eye. Then the light rays go trough the lens, the Vitreous Body to the retina. The retina receives the image that the cornea focuses through the eye’s internal lens and transforms this image into electrical impulses that are carried by the optic nerve to the brain.

We could see how the image formed in the retina is inverted. Then the brain makes it normal.

Accommodation of the lens

When you focus far away the light rays comes parallel into your eyes and gets converted into a point on the retina. The large reality of the world has to be projected on a small retina.

Distant focus

Pupil constriction

When you focus closeby the light comes into your eyes diverted. So the light gets converted back into a point on the retina. Also here the large world needs to be projected on a small retina.

Close focus

Constriction of the pupil occurs when the circular muscle contracts. The pupil is an adjustable opening that controls the intensity of light permitted to strike the lens.

Pupil constriction

Myopia, Hyperopia

7. Myopia

Myopia, also known as near-sightedness, is an eye disorder where light focuses in front of, instead of on, the retina. This causes distant objects to be blurry while close objects appear normal. Near-sightedness can be corrected with eyeglasses, contact lenses, or surgery.

7. Hyperopia

Hyperopia,also known as far-sightedness, is a condition of the eye in which light is focused behind, instead of on, the retina. This results in close objects appearing blurry, while far objects may appear normal. As the condition worsens, objects at all distances may be blurry. Management can occur with eyeglasses, contact lenses, or surgery.

Astigmatism, Presbyopia

Astigmatism is a common vision condition that causes blurred vision. It occurs when the cornea (the clear front cover of the eye) is irregularly shaped or sometimes because of the curvature of the lens inside the eye.An irregularly shaped cornea or lens prevents light from focusing properly on the retina, the light-sensitive surface at the back of the eye. As a result, vision becomes blurred at any distance.

8. Astigmatism

Presbyopia is the normal loss of near focusing ability that occurs with age. Most people begin to notice the effects of presbyopia sometime after age 40. You can't escape presbyopia, even if you've never had a vision problem before.

8. Presbyobia

Why do your legs look crooked under water?

9. Why do your legs look crooked under water?

Because the light can't travel as quickly in the water as it does in the air, the light bends around the straw, causing it to look bent in the water. Basically, the light refraction gives the straw a slight magnifying effect, which makes the angle appear bigger than it actually is, causing the straw to look crooked. Exactly same thing happens with our legs, while they are underwater.

10

Sketches Of The Eye

Ruxandra -RO

TEAM - Group B1

Alexia-RO

Roxana-RO

Jason-BE

Mireia-SP