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Do you know some important chemical elements? F I N D O U T !

CHEMICAL ELEMENT

ATOMIC NUMBER

SYMBOL

ATOMIC WEIGHT

NAME

is the number of protons in nuclei. For example, the atomic number of lithium is 3, so the element lithium consists of all atoms which have 3 protons.

was given locally by various cultures to various minerals, metals and other materials.

was used as abbreviation, is understood internationally, first letter is always upper case, second one is always lower case (small letters).

is the average of the atomic masses (number of neutrons and protons) of all the chemical element's isotopes as found in a particular environment.

is a species of atom having the same number of protons in their atomic nuclei (red bals on the picture). 118 elements have been identified: the first 94 occur naturally on Earth, and the remaining 24 are synthetic.

Carbon (from Latin: carbo "coal") is a chemical element with the symbol C and atomic number 6. Carbon is the 15th most abundant element in the Earth's crust, and the fourth most abundant element in the universe by mass after hydrogen, helium, and oxygen. The atoms of carbon can bond together in different ways, termed allotropes of carbon. The best known are graphite and diamond.

Fluorine is a chemical element with the symbol F and atomic number 9. It is the lightest halogen and exists as a highly toxic pale yellow diatomic gas. Fluorocarbon gases are generally greenhouse gases with global-warming potentials 100 to 20,000 times that of carbon dioxide.

Boron is a chemical element with the symbol B and atomic number 5. Boron is rare in the Universe and solar system, it is formed in minor amounts in cosmic dust and meteoroid materials. In the high oxygen environment of Earth, boron is always found fully oxidized to borate. Boron is a component of neodymium magnets, which are among the strongest type of permanent magnet (these magnets are found in a variety of electromechanical and electronic devices, such as magnetic resonance imaging MRI).

Oxygen is the chemical element with the symbol O and atomic number 8, meaning its nucleus has 8 protons. Diatomic oxygen gas (O2) constitutes 20.8% of the Earth's atmosphere. Oxygen is continuously replenished in Earth's atmosphere by photosynthesis, which uses the energy of sunlight to produce oxygen from water and carbon dioxide. Another form (allotrope) of oxygen, ozone (O3), strongly absorbs ultraviolet UVB radiation and the high-altitude ozone layer helps protect the biosphere from ultraviolet radiation. However, ozone present at the surface is a byproduct of smog and thus a pollutant.

Phosphorus is a chemical element with the symbol P and atomic number 15. Elemental phosphorus exists in two major forms, white phosphorus and red phosphorus. Phosphorus is essential for life. Phosphates (compounds containing the phosphate ion) are a component of DNA, RNA, ATP, and phospholipids.

Erbium is a chemical element with the symbol Er and atomic number 68. I is a silvery-white solid metal. Erbium's everyday uses are varied. It is commonly used as a photographic filter, erbium-doped optical silica-glass fibers are the active element in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs), which are widely used in optical communications. The same fibers can be used to create fiber lasers.

Nickel is a chemical element with the symbol Ni and atomic number 28. It is a silvery-white lustrous metal. Nickel is commonly found in iron meteorites. Nickel is used in many specific products, including stainless steel, alnico magnets, coinage (coins), rechargeable batteries, electric guitar strings, microphone capsules..

Copper is a chemical element with the symbol Cu (from Latin: cuprum) and atomic number 29. It is a soft, malleable, and ductile metal. Copper is used as a conductor of heat and electricity, as a building material (usually for roofing ), and as a constituent of various metal alloys used in jewelry, also used to make coins.

Sulfur is a chemical element with the symbol S and atomic number 16. It is nonmetallic and under normal conditions, sulfur atoms form cyclic octatomic molecules (S8). Elemental sulfur is a bright yellow, crystalline solid at room temperature. Sulfur is an essential component of all living cells. Sulfur (S8) is used in pharmaceutical skin preparations for the treatment of acne, it kills bacteria, fungi and other parasites. Elemental sulfur is one of the oldest fungicides and pesticides used in agriculture.

Hydrogen is the chemical element with the symbol H and atomic number 1. At standard temperature and pressure, hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, nonmetallic gas with the molecular formula H2. Hydrogen gas is very rare in the Earth's atmosphere because of its light weight, which enables it to escape from Earth's gravity more easily than heavier gases. However, hydrogen is the third most abundant element on the Earth's surface mostly in the form of chemical compounds such as hydrocarbons (methane, propane, paraffin wax, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene ...) and water (H20). Hydrogen poses a number of hazards to human safety, from potential detonations and fires when mixed with air.

Sodium is a chemical element with the symbol Na (from Latin natrium) and atomic number 11. It is a soft, silvery-white, highly reactive metal. Sodium is an essential element for all animals and some plants. In humans, sodium is an essential mineral that regulates blood volume, blood pressure and pH.

Calcium is a chemical element with the symbol Ca and atomic number 20. Calcium is a reactive metal. Corals, sea shells, and pearls are mostly made up of calcium carbonate. Calcium is heavily involved in bone manufacture. Many calcium compounds are used in food, as pharmaceuticals, and in medicine.

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