Women right to vote

Living Democracy

Team 2

Women’s Suffrage

1

The struggle to achieve equal rights for women is often thought to have begun, in the English-speaking world, with the publication of Mary Wollstonecraft's A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792). During the 19th century, as male suffrage was gradually extended in many countries, women became increasingly active in the quest for their own suffrage. Not until 1893, however, in New Zealand, did women achieve suffrage on the national level. Australia followed in 1902, but American, British, and Canadian women did not win the same rights until the end of World War I.

The demand for the enfranchisement of American women was first seriously formulated at the Seneca Falls Convention (1848). After the Civil War, agitation by women for the ballot became increasingly vociferous. In 1869, however, a rift developed among feminists over the proposed 15th Amendment, which gave the vote to black men. In 1890 Wyoming entered the Union, becoming the first state with general women's suffrage

The United States

Great Britain In Great Britain the cause began to attract attention when the philosopher John Stuart Mill presented a petition in Parliament calling for inclusion of women's suffrage in the Reform Act of 1867. In the same year Lydia Becker (1827 –90) founded the first women's suffrage committee, in Manchester. In February 1918 women over the age of 30 received the right to vote. Suffrage rights for men and women were equalized in 1928.

Great Britain

European countries such as Finland (1906), Norway (1913), and Denmark and Iceland (1915) granted women the vote early in the 20th century. Other continental powers were quick to accord women the right to vote at the end of World War I. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the Netherlands granted suffrage in 1917; Austria, Czechoslovakia, Poland, and Sweden in 1918; and Germany and Luxembourg in 1919. Spain extended the ballot to women in 1931, but France waited until 1944 and Belgium, Italy, Romania, and Yugoslavia until 1946. Switzerland finally gave women the vote in 1971, and women remained disenfranchised in Liechtenstein until 1984.

Other Countries

Other countries

In Canada women won the vote in Alberta, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan in 1916; after federal suffrage was achieved in 1918, the other provinces followed suit, the last being Quebec in 1940. Among the Latin American countries, national women's suffrage was granted in 1929 in Ecuador, 1932 in Brazil, 1939 in El Salvador, 1942 in the Dominican Republic, 1945 in Guatemala, and 1946 in Argentina. In India during the period of British rule, women were enfranchised on the same terms as men under the Government of India Act of 1935; following independence, the Indian Constitution, adopted in 1949 and inaugurated in 1950, established adult suffrage. In the Philippines women received the vote in 1937, in Japan in 1945, in China in 1947, and in Indonesia in 1955. In African countries men and women have generally received the vote at the same time, as in Liberia (1947), Uganda (1958), and Nigeria (1960). In many Middle Eastern countries universal suffrage was acquired after World War II. In some countries, such as Saudi Arabia, there is no suffrage at all, and in others, such as Kuwait, it is very limited and excludes women completely.

WOMEN IN TURKEY

Politics is one of the most prominent areas of gender inequality. Women are disproportionately involved in politics, especially in political decision-making, with their intensity. This is sometimes due to the personal preferences of women, as well as mostly from social and cultural structures.Many women around the world still lack equal rights and empowerment opportunities, and face discrimination and violence. The world’s parliaments are no exception to this pattern of inequality. With a global average of just above 23 per cent women, most parliaments remain male-dominated, and women MPs often lack equal representation in senior positions or on decision-making bodies. The fact that women who are half of the population cannot participate in decision-making processes, and they cannot be represented equally in politics is, above all, a matter of democracy..As it is known, the fact that equal representation and participation, which is one of the basic elements of democracy, cannot be implemented for women is a problem of democracy besides being a problem of female inequality. However, although democracy constitutes the focal point of all political debates, it is neglected for the lack of representation of women, and women without democracy are considered natural.

Gender equality is necessary in democracy and women have the right to vote in our country. Must be in all countries

Women’s participation is a central element of democracy, and the nature and degree of women’s participation is a key indicator of the quality of democratic culture. Can we assume that countries with a higher degree of gender equality will be more democratic? Or, to ask the question from a different perspective, does democracy automatically lead to gender equality?

15 TEMMUZ ŞEHİTLERİ ANADOLU LİSESİGÖKÇE GÜNGÖR

The Status of Women in Politics, The Problem of a DemocracyThe fact that women who are half of the population cannot participate in decision-making processes, and they cannot be represented equally in politics is, above all, a matter of democracy. As it is known, the fact that equal representation and participation, which is one of the basic elements of democracy, cannot be implemented for women is a problem of democracy besides being a problem of female inequality. However, although democracy constitutes the focal point of all political debates, it is neglected for the lack of representation of women, and women without democracy are considered natural.

Political life continues to be an enclosed arena for women, although today they are better positioned in many areas in terms of education, choice of profession and working conditions.

If half of the population cannot be represented in decision-making processes in a country, it is not possible to mention that the decisions taken in that country are democratic and pluralist. In this respect, women should have at least 30% of the political level, which is accepted as equal or critical threshold, in order to strengthen both democratic life and the elimination of gender inequalities.The reasons for incomplete representation “women's indifference to politics; social and cultural structure; the structure of the political system and parties; education; Although it is possible to gather under certain headings such as. economic reasons ini, the basis of all this is the male-dominated perspective that persists throughout history.

WOMEN IN TURKEY

In the first decade following the foundation of the Republic in our country, the revolutions which were made with the aim of reaching the modern civilization under the leadership of Atatürk formed the basis of the development of women's rights. In this period step by step training, family, social life, especially the adoption of the Civil Code in accordance with the conditions of as citizens' rights ”was recognized as equal, the women who constitute the most advanced ring of revolutions by giving the right to be elected to the election process has been completed. In those years, not only the laws were enacted, but decisive steps were taken to implement the revolutionary laws effectively.The Turkish woman won the right to participate in the municipal elections on 3 April 1930, in the muhtar elections in 1933, and on December 5, 1934, to have the right to vote and to be elected. Article 10 of the Constitution of 1924, which stipulates that yaş every man who has fulfilled the age of eighteen has the right to take part in the plagiarism yirmi has been amended as an the right to choose a deputy, the woman who has completed the age of twenty-two, and the right of every Turk yaş; In the 11th article, yapılarak women and men who are over 30 years old can be elected for every Turkish MP değişiklik and by 1934 only women have the right to vote and to be elected. Thus, women in Turkey are choosing ago many western countries had the right to be elected; it was recognized in 1948 in Italy, in 1944 in France, in 1971 in Switzerland and in 1950 in Japan.

Although local administrations are more appropriate for women to participate in political life and many women want to be a candidate in this respect, 2013 local elections showed that women have no place in politics. Of the 309 metropolitan municipality presidents, 27.9% of the 2093 presidents of male, province, district and town municipalities were elected as males and 1.471 (4.5%) were elected as males and 32392 as municipal members. The above numbers indicate that, in a very insufficient number of women representatives of local governments in Turkey.

• The problem of lack of education: 2 million 625 thousand of our 38 million women are illiterate; Female population over the age of 25: 17,897,656; 13,871,060 of them have completed primary school, over 25 years of age The population of university educated women is only 1210,885.
• • Social and cultural structure: Politics is seen as a male business.
• • Economic independence: Since women have limited opportunities to work outside the home depending on their educational status, they have little or no economic independence to do politics.

OBSTACLES

• Political system and party structure: There is no intra-party democracy; a system where politics is mostly done in coffee houses and hotel lobbies is forcing women to enter.
• Women's indifference to politics: 65% of women were not interested in politics. However, women's indifference to politics should be considered as a whole considering the educational status and economic independence

However, the fact that women are educated and have economic independence is not sufficient for them to participate in political life. For this reason, in order for real democracy to be implemented, it is necessary to amend the Law on Elections and / or Political Parties in order to ensure equal representation of both sexes, as seen in many countries. Compensation of Injustice: The fact that women cannot take part in political life in Turkey leads to gender segregation in politics and to continue in a vicious circle and not to realize real democracy. In this respect, the basic principle of olmak justice in representation de (Constitution 68.md) cannot be implemented. Missing representation of women in politics is a problem of democracy rather than a bir women's problem te.

Today, countries with more than 40% women in their parliaments are countries that have implemented a al stable equality policy, to compensate for this deficiency. In many countries over the last fifteen years, ler equal participation of women in politics “, which has been emphasized and evaluated as a requirement of real democracy, was supported by special measures and methods, and it was ensured that they were included in local and central administrations at certain rates. Ir Quota laş or ”special measures“ application is becoming more common.

Hi ı am sultan ,15 temmuz şehitleri Anadolu Lisesi,I will talk about suggestions to increase women's participation in politics.Women's political participation is not enough. Before developing a strategy for solving any problems, it is necessary to look at the causes and the source of the problem. So it is useful to keep some attention on the reasons why women are secondarily in political participation. First of all, it is necessary to accept that if a woman is left to the desired point in politics, she will want a long time. Quota. Quota is the most effective way to accelerate the representation of women and the whole world. The quota makes it possible for women to enter a system of systematically excluding them, thus enabling more women to exist in politics.There are different ways of application of the quota. In general, the quota shall be applied either on a voluntary basis or on a voluntary basis, without mandatory or legally required by the constitution and / or election laws.

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If you compare countries these have respect to women rights and these doesn't you would see the difference in economic, cultural, art, production and living standarts. Women do work for public as men do. Science is also very important about country and Marie Curie, Rosalin Franklin are best examples of women in science. ahmet basri pektaş -gokuDemocracy with equal participation of the whole community it is a form of government. The fact that there are men as well as women in this society makes their participation in democracy natural and necessary. In history, this fact has been realized late and studies on this subject have been continuing since then. The very recent understanding of this fact leads to people who argue that women and men should have equal rights in the so-called civilized periods, as if they should still be open to debate.zeynep nur tekin -

WHY WOMEN CAN NOT BE ACTIVE IN POLITICS IN UTURKEY?; 15 Temmuz Şehitleri Anadolu Lisesi

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THESE ARE THE STUDENTS IN THIS GROUP Erdem Sosar Mert Yılmaz Hicran Demir Ahmet Basri Pektaş Zeynep Nur Tekin Nisanur Okulevi Sevgi Şanlı Lorena Huertas Ureña Rouseanyela Vargas Rodriguez Gökçe Güngör Elene Kvirikashvili Nini Jvarsheishvili

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SPAIN

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SPAIN

The date was paradoxical for the great Spanish suffragist Clara Campoamor, deputy for the Radical Party since 1931 - the law allowed women to be parliamentarians, but not participate in the voting - promoted the female vote until it was achieved, along with other recognitions for women such as legal equality before men or women. right to divorce.

WOMEN ACHIEVE RIGHT TO VOTE

SPAIN

Vote of the women In the framework of the Second Republic, the general elections of 1933 supposed the premiere of women as full citizens - with voice and vote - in Spain. There were the elections for the female vote: 6,800.00 women were able to elect their representatives for the first time. Those of November 19, 1933 were the second general elections of the Republic proclaimed on April 14, 1931. The first electoral convocation, in June 1931, were prior to the approval of the Constitution of the Republic, carried out in the Congress of Deputies on December 9 of the same year. Although the right to vote has been recognized since then, the Spanish women were not able to exercise it until today 80 years ago.

Clara Campoamor

This is a rank of women working in Spain.There is a certain equality in jobs offered by public government.However, in private areas there is a bigger inequality. That is why women do not have equal rights in the whole

Women in Spanish parliament. We not only have the right to vote but also to take part in political decisions . Spanish women are in parliament today and we have the higher rank of women in Europe.

LORENA HUERTAS

The participation of women in politics is relatively recent in modern history. Among the best-known international policies we can mention Margaret Thatcher, former Prime Minister of England; Isabel Perón, former president of Argentina; German Chancellor Angela Merkel; or British Prime Minister Theresa May. In the case of Spain, the highest position held by a woman in politics has been that of the Vice President of the Government Soraya Saez de Santamaría between 2011 and 2018, being directly responsible for the CNI and assuming, even, the powers of the President of the Government of Catalonia after the activation of Article 155 in 2017. In the current government also a woman, Carmen Calvo, holds this position. In the lists that the political parties presented to the elections of December 2015, the PSOE proposed 28 women leading lists, while Podemos bet on 18 candidates, the PP for 15 and Citizens, Unidos Podemos and UPyD had 11 women in charge of their lists. This number of women leading the candidacies of the parties is greater since, in 2004, the Law of Parity in Spain came into force with the aim that the access of Spanish women to political positions would become increasingly important. habitual. Thus, this scenario has undergone great transformations in which women in politics seem to gain more prominence.

GEORGIA