ENVOIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES

ENVIRONMENTALCHALLENGES

Index

1. MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATE IN OUR REGION

3. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND GOOD PRACTICES

2. GLOBAL IMPACTS OF WARMING IN OUR REGION

4. CONCLUSION

5. BIBLIOGRAPHY.

LA VALL DE BIAR

ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES

IES BIAR is situated in a valley, between 500 and 700 meters above sea level surrounded by mountains that exceed 1000 meters. Our educational center receive students from Beneixama, Biar, El Camp de Mirra and La Canyada. La Vall de Biar is located in the Vinalopo's county, in the northwest of Alicante province. A picturesque place in the Valencian Community.

SPAIN CLIMATE

ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES

Spain is located in southwestern Europe in the Iberian Peninsula.The climate in Spain varies largely due to several geographical factors: the orographic, influence of the sea and the situation of the peninsula between Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea, with different temperature, and between two continents Europe and Africa. The five main climates are: Oceanic, Mediterranean (with some variations): Mediterranean coast and Mediterranean inland, Mountain and Subtropical.In this presentation we will focus on explaining the characteristics of the Inland Mediterranean climate since it is where we live.

SPAIN CLIMATE

ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES

Spain is located in southwestern Europe in the Iberian Peninsula.The climate in Spain varies largely due to several geographical factors: the orographic, influence of the sea and the situation of the peninsula between Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea, with different temperature, and between two continents Europe and Africa. The five main climates are: Oceanic, Mediterranean (with some variations): Mediterranean coast and Mediterranean inland, Mountain and Subtropical.In this presentation we will focus on explaining the characteristics of the Inland Mediterranean climate since it is where we live.

1. MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATE IN OUR REGION.

MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATE IN OUR REGION

MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATE IN OUR REGION

MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATE IN OUR REGION

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MEDITERRANEAN INLAND CLIMATE.

HIDROLOGY RESOURCES

BIODIVERSITY

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1.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MEDITERRANEAN INLAND CLIMATE.

1 MEDITERRANEAN INLAND CLIMATE

DRY SUMMERSCONTINENTALEQUINOCTIAL RAINSANOMALIES

Eight months of drought.

The climogram represented belongs to the zone of Beneixama, one of the towns belonging to the valley of Biar, during 2017. The predominating climate is the dry Mediterranean one. The average annual rainfall in the valley is 459 mm. The maximum precipitation occurs in fall and the minimum in summer. Annual average temperatures are between 13ºC and 14ºC. The height and the orography make the climate of our zone have lower temperature despite being near the Mediterranean sea. In the represented climograph we observe an anomaly since the highest rainfalls are usually given in the equinoxes of autumn or spring and not in winter.

1.2 HIDROLOGICAL RESOURCES

1 MEDITERRANEAN INLAND CLIMATE.

The river Vinalopó crosses through our villages. This is one of the most important rivers in the province of Alicante, after the Segura. The Vinalopó is born in Banyeres and flows into Santa Pola with an extension of 80 km. In addition, it has the typical characteristics of the rivers of the Mediterranean slope.

The rivers on the Mediterranean side are short, except the Ebro,. The rivers are born in the mountains and these are near the sea.They are also very irregular and as in summer they don't have any water, they bring about the drought. On the other hand, the fall may be catastrophic due to torrential rains. For this reason, it is necessary to build marshes to try to regulate and allocate water for agriculture, the industry and the population. In addition, the rambles are dry for the great part of the year and the torrents only carry water when it rains.

The river Vinalopó at its birth in Banyerehttps://andamontesenblog.blogspot.com/2016/12/naixement-del-riu-vinalopo-banyeres-de.htmls.

1.2 HIDROLOGICAL RESOURCES

1 MEDITERRANEAN INLAND CLIMATE.

Snow wells are constructions which drill the earth in the mountains where it snows during the winter. These circular constructions are made with the purpose of filling them with snow or ice after the snowfall.There is also a presence of water sources whose acces can be public or private, but many of them are dry or almost dry. For instance, it is the case of the Source of War or the Gorg, Fonteta de Soriano, Fonteta del Moro, Font of the Foietes etc. However, there are others with water and stable flow, such as Font de Fontanelles or Font del Xorro.

Formerly, the snow wells had used for the manufacture of sorbets and refreshing beverages in summer and for food preservation. It was mainly used for the local supply of the population and the surpluses were sold to neighboring populations.

Circular well of Biar of a depth of 9 meters.http://apiarium-bellezainterior.blogspot.com/2012/02/cerca-del-santuario-de-ntra.html

1.3 BIODIVERSITY

1. MEDITERRANEAN INLAND CLIMATE

The predominant vegetation in our valleys belongs to the Mediterranean floral region. It has the typical characteristic vegetal formations: the perennial mediterranean forest and scrub ("maquia", "garriga" and steppe).

The vegetation of our zone is typically Mediterranean and we appreciate a huge variety of plants and shrubs of great botanical and ecological importance.However,the intensity of the fires has increased due to the lack of technical and human resources, and an abandonment of traditional activities such as sheepherding, the crops and forest harvesting.

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Carrasca is characteristic tree of forest mediterranean https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alzinaan.

2. GLOBAL IMPACTS OF WARMING IN OUR REGION.

GLOBAL IMPACTS OF WARMING IN OUR REGION

GLOBAL IMPACTS OF WARMING OUR REGION

GLOBAL IMPACTS OF WARMING IN OUR REGION

INCREASE IN AVERAGE TEMPERATURE

DROUGHT

INCREASE INFLOOD RISK

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Tempertures and precipitations 2013-2017 in Beneixama.

2.2 DROUGHT

2 GLOBAL IMPACTS OF WARMING IN OUR REGION

BREAKDOWN OF THE BALANCE OF WATERDROUGHTEROSIONREDUCTION OF CROPS

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www.las provincias.es. (30/08/2018)

Meteorological drought is the time period with precipitations lower than normal. From the human point of view, drought is not simply a physical phenomenon but, above all , an event that indicates the breakdown of the balance between the natural availability of water and the consumption that human activity does and which can cause serious damage to the natural ecosystem or agriculture of the affected area. This drought changes a lot from one climate to another since the weather conditions that cause it may vary greatly from one area to another. Droughts are part of the Mediterranean climate. If we happen to have a summer without almost rains and it continues until autumn, then, we clearly suffer drought. The province of Alicante has lot 40% of the fertile soil in the last 10 years, which consolidates Alicante as the second Spanish province after Almeria (70%) in the problem of erosion. A total of 94,360 hectares of land are affected by the process and other 89,989 are at high risk. Drought affects 142,000 hectares of crops, 45% in dry land, where rain is its only contribution, which normally does not fall since November 2013. The longest and longest drought, which is remembered in the province since meteorological data have been produced, led to an environmental disaster, causing an average reduction of 60% of crops.

2.3 INCREASE FLOOD RISK

2 GLOBAL IMPACTS OF WARMING IN OUR REGION

DANAFLOODS

TImage "La Safor" ((València) newspaper: "El Levante" noviembre 2018

One of the natural risks that we suffer most in our region are floods, wich are caused by the (DANA). Almost 600,000 Valencians (11.69% of the population of the Valencian Community) reside in an area that is at flood risk. Depending on the consequences, floods can be classified in the following typologies:

• Floods with high intensity precipitation.
• Floods due to floods or overflow of rivers, streams, lakes or marshes caused or harnessed by precipitation, thawing, obstruction of riverbeds or tide and wind action.
• Floods due to rupture or incorrect operation of hydraulic infrastructure works, such as dams.

2.1 INCREASE IN AVERAGE TEMPERATURE

2 GLOBAL IMPACTS OF WARMING IN OUR REGION

-The increase in temperature has been a real evidence at the planetary level since the last century. In particularly in our lands, the average temperature, between 1970 and 2017, has increased 0,8ºC in 40 years in our lands. The drought cycles have risen in the last forty years due to the absence of rainfall in our region. We have verified this fact with the data provided by the following graphs compiled between 1971 and 2017.

own elaborationwww.avamet.org.Average temperatures vary between 12 and 13ºC from 1970 to 1985. Them, we have a data gap, and when we recover them again in 1996 to 2017, the average temperatures vary between 14ºC and 15ºC. We can see that temperatures up to 0'8ºC, that is, almost 1ºC, in 40 years. The year with the lowest temperature registered is 1970, with an average temperature of 10.61ºC and, on the other hand, the maximum average temperature recorded is in 2014, with 15.4ºC. The precipitations are typical of our Mediterranean indoor climate, between 300 and 400 mm, per year, despite, the fact that for some years we have had precipitations bellow normal with 159,5 mm such as in 1978 or 1983 with precipitations of 141 mm. Just like in the temperatures, we have a data gap of pecipitations since 1985 to 1996. Since 1997 precipitations begin to be higher, although there are drought years too. Precipitations are above 226 mmm in 2000 or 234mm in 2005. From 2008 to 2017 the rainfalls rose even more, between 300 and 400 mm.

webpage: www.meteocastalla.es

DROUGHT

2.3 DROUGHT IN OUR REGION

2 GLOBAL IMPACTS OF WARMING IN OUR REGION

In these two images we can see the riverbed of the Vinalopo River in two different ways.- In the image above, we can see a dry river, which is more common. The image down, high riverbed by torrential rainfalls.

Image: Vinalopó. (image of Enrique Iñiguez and bloc Cancarrasca)

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OPEN DATA CLIMATIC SAY THAT MORE THAN 70% OF THE SPANISH POPULATION IS AFFECTED BY CLIMATE CHANGE. THE VALENCIAN COMMUNITY IS WARMER IN THE LAST DECADES. THE SUMMERS LONGER AND THE SPRING AND AUTUMN SHORTER.

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3. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND GOOD PRACTICES.

GOOD PRACTICES

GOOD PRACTICES

GOOD PRACTICES

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ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES FROM THE VALENCIA COMMUNITY

GOOD PRACTICES We try to explain those actions that aim to reduce the negative environmental impact caused by productive processes through changes in the organization of processes and activities.

USE OF OUR RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT OF CLEAN ENERGIES

PROMOTE AND DISSEMINATE GOOD PRACTICES.

3.1 ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES FROM THE VALENCIA COMMUNITY

3 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND GOOD PRACTICES

The Valencian Community is following the guidelines set by the EU to curb climate change in the years 2013-2020:-To promote sustainable development by promoting the use of clean energy.- The rational use of resources, promoting research and studying the impacts of climate change.- Work with local administrations to develop strategies for climate change.

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www.agroambient.gva.es/es/web/cambio-climatico/estrategia-valenciana-ante-el-cambio-climatico-2013-2020

3.2 NATURALS PARKS IN THE VALENCIA COMMUNITY

3 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND GOOD PRACTICES

The Government of the Valencian Community manages the natural parks and one of the objectives is to energize the sustainable development and to protect the diversity of our natural heritage.In the following images you can observe the richness and variety of the natural heritage in the Valencian Community.

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www.parquesnaturales.gva.es

MARIOLA'S SAWwww. parquesnaturales.es

NATURALS PARKS

ESPADAN'S SAWwww.parquesnaturales.gva.es

NATURALS PARKS

ALBUFERA VALENCIAwww.parquesnaturales.gva.es

NATURALS PARKS

GELADA'S SAWwww.parquesnaturales.gva.es

NATURALS PARKS

SALINAS OF TORREVIEJAwww.parquesnaturales.gva.es

NATURALS PARKS

FONT ROJAwww.parquesnaturales.gva.es

NATURALS PARKS

3.2 USE OF OUR RESOUCES

3. GOOD PRACTICES

WATER IS A ESSENCIAL RESOURCEWATER DEFICIT IN OUR BASINMAKE GOOD USE

AISCAN (BIAR): enterprise of driving and channel of electric cables. http://www.aiscan.com/comprometidos-con-el-medio-ambiente/

Water is an essential resource which is used in many human activities. In Spain, we have a positive water balance , but with large inequalities of basins compared to other countries. The basins that are part of the Mediterranean side are the most deficient. Climate is a determining factor which implies water deficiencies in our basins because of the lack of rainfall, irregularity and evaporation due to high temperatures. These premises lead to problems of supply and annual losses of water on account of the use of inadequate irrigation systems. Apart from the water from the rivers, we also take advantage of water from the aquifers and marine desalination but with a much smaller volume. In our region we have a water deficit, so it is necessary to make good use.

3.3 DEVELOPMENT OF CLEAN ENERGIES

4. GOOD PRACTICIES

SOLAR...BIOMASS...AND WIND ENERGIES,ON OUR LAND

planta solar fotovoltaica. Beneixama.https://www.20minutos.es/noticia/214732/0/planta/solar/alicante/

The use of clean energy is one of the environmental goals and challenges on the part of the European Union and, in this case, our environment as well. In the Valencian Community, the most used renewable energies in our environment are solar energy, biomass and wind energy. The IVACE (Valencian Institute of Business Competitiveness) has developed an AutoConsumE + Plan that helps individuals, companies and administrations with different fiscal and financing measures. For example, in 2014, support for 112 renewable energy projects was approved in Alicante, which was allocated 1.1 million euros, financing 35% of the total cost of the project. In the town of Beneixama, a solar photovoltaic plant has been located since 2007. Its system is made up of 100 solar panels and 200 installations, producing enough energy to supply the average energy consumption of 12,000 households. The power station is placed in a field strategically oriented to obtain the largest number of hours of sunlight and belongs to the Iberdrobla Electric Company.

3.4 DISEMINATE AND PREVENT

4. GOOD PRACTICES

TALKS TO PROMOTING GOOD PRACTICES:"THE ECONOMY OF THE COMMON BENEFIT""CLIMATE CHANGE"

Conference: "Economy of the common good" Luis Campos a l'IES BIAR.

In order to promote good practices, it is important to include people within these practices, as it will be the only way they realize that it is really important to make good use of natural resources. At IES Biar, we take into account the importance of promoting good practices in our resources. We have conducted a series of talks during the month of November 2018. Biology and Forestry teachers have provided us with information on current and interesting topics such as the talk by Luis Campos , from the University of Seville, who gave a talk on "The economy of the common benefit" or Mayra Lacruz of the organization (SEN): Sustainable Environmental Nerwork talking about the "Climate change" . Additionally, in the centre we have begun the design of an ecological garden with the students of FPB and students of the earth sciencies. Moreover, students gone out to places such as the Font Roja, a Mediterranean forest and protected area near our towns. Besides, with this extra-curricular activity students are given an article to publicize and inform about the activities they do and at the same time to give more information about the immediate environment.

IN THE IMAGES WE CAN VISIT AN EXCURSION TO THE "FONT ROJA" IN ALCOY TO VISIT A MEDITERRAN TYPICAL FOREST. THE DESIGN OF A SCHOOL ECOLOGICAL GARDEN WITH FPB STUDENTS IN IES BIAR.

IS THERE CLIMATE CHANGE IN OUR REGION?

The increase in temperature over the last century is a real evidence worldwide. In this case, in our region. The temperature and the cycles of drought have increased. In particular, the temperature has increased 0.8ºC in 40 years.Rainfall ranging between 300 and 500 mm per year, something normal in our climate. However, overexploitation of aquifers causes negative consequences, such as problems in watercourses and degradation of water quality.

During last decades, the Goverments are more awareness to curb climate change, although the proposal must be more ambitious strategies and who truly act on our economic activities, habits at home, etc.The private companies, organizations or institutions, clearly, have to bet on clean energy and greater sustainability of our resources.

IS THERE ENOUGH STRATEGIES POLICIES AND GOOD PRACTICES IN OUR REGION?

4 CONCLUSION

STOP THE CLIMATIC CHANGE.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

-Associació Valenciana de Metereologia Josep Peinado. (Avamet): https://www.avamet.org/mx-precipitacio-mensual.php?data=2018&territori=c28 -Comunitat Valenciana: http://www.112cv.gva.es/ca/inundacioDades per al climograma: https://www.avamet.org/mx-precipitacio-mensual.php?data=2018-01--Conselleria d'Agriculutra de la Comunitat Valenciana:www.agroambient.gva.es/web/cambio-climatico -Espores. La veu del Botànic: http://espores.org/investigacio/perills-naturals-els-nostres-els-valencians.html --MeteoCastalla. L'oratge a Castalla: http://www.meteocastalla.es/histo.html#mensual -Oratgenet: http://oratgenet.com/estem-en-sequera/ -S. Urbina: " Uno de cada diez valencianos vive en en zonas de riesgo de inundación". Levante.:https://val.levante-emv.com/comunitat-valenciana/2018/10/12/diez-valencianos-vive-zonas-riesgo/1779804.html -Viquipèdia: https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequera Levante:https://val.levante-emv.com/comunitat-valenciana/2017/11/14/cerca-36000-hectareas-cultivo-alicante/1641360.html

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COORDINATING TEACHER: MARIA JOSE AROCAADIVISORES TEACHERS: ALEX AMORÓS, JOAN ANTONI CERDÀ, INÉS AMORÓS,NURIA BOLUDA, GEMMA LLORCA, ROSA GUILL.SUBJECT: GEOGRAPHY OF SPAIN.STUDENTS: 2n de Batxillerat.AGUADO VICEDO ARANTXABELLOD PAYÀ JOANBERNABEU PUERTO VICTORCALABUIG LARREA GLORIACAMARASA BRAVO SERGIOGONZÀLEZ LARA CLAUDIAHERNÁNDEZ CONCA JOSEJUAN VICEDO AINHOALÓPEZ SAEZ ANTONIOPERPIÑÀ VALDÉS REGINOPIÑEIRO VALDÉS SARASAMPER PACHECO SANDRASANJUAN ESTEVAN ELENAVILAPLANA FRANCÉS YAIZA

www.mestreacasa.gva.es iesbiar

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SEE YOU SOON, IN IES BIAR!!!