All roads lead to Rome! Unit 2

ROME

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ALL ROADS LEAD TO

START

UNIT 2

Law, Administration and Social Groups

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ON THE WAY TO ROME

UNIT 2

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UNIT 2

This is the second unit about Roman heritage. Throughout this unit students will learn about Roman law, social life and administration.Through these activities students will be able to search and select relevant information from the internet, associate, question themselves, compare common elements from ancient Rome and today European law systems, social groups and citizenship and draw their own conclusions.

INTRODUCTION

INDEX

I. Ancient Roman Law

II. Social Groups

III. Administration in Roman Times

IV. Citizenship and women

Test Yourself

Teacher Assessment

Template

I. ANCIENT ROMAN LAW

UNIT 2

INTRODUCTIONThe legacy of the Roman Empire is extremely important and had a noticeable influence on the culture of the Western world. Nevertheless, one of its greatest contributions is its law, as Roman law had an enormous influence on the development of law in the West and still has a direct influence today. It is enough to think that if you decide to study Law at University in the future, you will have to study Roman law.Now turn page and do this webquest on ancient Roman law. Complete all the activities to gain a deeper understanding of the legacy of the Roman culture in this field.

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Task 1

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Roman law is the legal system of ancient Rome, and the legal developments comprising more than a thousand years of jurisprudence from the Twelve Tables (c. 439BC) to the Corpus Juris Civilis (AD529) ordered by the Emperor Justinian I.Let us try to understand the history of this process.

What is ROMAN LAW?

Roman Government

Ancient Rome experienced three types of government. List them:

TYPE OF GOVERNMENT

TIME

1

2

3

Let us focus on the Roman Republic now. Click here to find the answers to the following questions.

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Task 1

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Let us focus on Roman Republic now. Find the answers to these questions on Internet.

Republic

What does Republic mean? Give a definition:

Apart from the slaves, which social class can you list and give a definition of?

What was the highest position in government? Who could occupy that position?

What was the Senate? What was its function? Who chose the senators?

What was the assembly? Where did the assembly meet? Whom could the assembly elect? Who was the tribune?

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The Roman Republic wanted everyone to know what the laws were and make sure that the law applied to everyone, rich and poor alike. What was the result of this?

Read this source

Link

and fill in the following text:

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Task 2

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The Roman Republic wanted everyone to know what the laws were and make sure that the law applied to everyone, rich and poor alike. What was the result of this?

TABLE 1

Procedure: for courts and trials

TABLE 2

Trials, continued

TABLE 3

Debt

TABLE 4

Rights of fathers (paterfamilias) over the family

TABLE 5

Legal guardianship and inheritance laws

TABLE 6

Acquisition and possession

TABLE 7

Land rights

TABLE 8

Torts and delicts (Laws of injury)

TABLE 9

Public law

TABLE 10

Sacred law

TABLE 11

Supplement I

TABLE 12

Supplement II

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Task 1

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The whole set of Roman laws was inscribed, by topic, in twelve bronze tables:

The twelve tables

TABLE I TABLE II TABLE III TABLE IVTABLE V TABLE VI TABLE VII TABLE VIII TABLE IX TABLE X TABLE XI TABLE XII

Procedure: for courts and trialsTrials, continued. DebtRights of fathers (paterfamilias) over the familyLegal guardianship and inheritance lawsAcquisition and possessionLand rightsTorts and delicts (Laws of injury)Public lawSacred lawSupplement ISupplement II

Read this source and then fill in the table. On the left column, fill in with at least five of the Roman laws you think are the most important; on the left say if they find application today in your country nowadays.

Roman laws

Your country today

Now that you have learnt about the Twelve Tables, watch this video. Then create your own video to share with your classmates.

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Task 3

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Read this text and answer the following questions:Can you give a definition on Roman Empire?How wide was the Empire?

Empire

Answers:

Can you give a definition on Roman Empire?

How wide was the Empire?

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FINAL TASK

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In international groups, create a flyer representing what you have just learned about Roman law.Who began the idea of Empire?Who was Rome’s first Emperor in 27 BC? How was he called?Did the Roman Empire split? How?How long did the East and West last?Look at this flyer as an example.

FINAL TASK

Answers:

Who began the idea of Empire?

How was he called?

Who was Rome’s first Emperor in 27 BC

Did the Roman Empire split? How?

How long did the East and West last?

II. SOCIAL GROUPS

UNIT 2

INTRODUCTIONHow much do you know about social groups in ancient Rome? Let's do some activities in order to find it out.

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Task 1

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In Ancient Rome, which was a highly hierarchical and class-conscious society, there were 6 social groups.a. Identify them.

Learn how to create a tag.

VIDEO

Emperor

Patrician

Plebeian

Freemen

Slaves

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Task 1

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b. Now describe them briefly. Go to Genial.ly, log in, create your own image and describe each of the social groups and upload your description here. You can also upload any videos or articles from the Net that you find relevant.

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Task 2

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What if we shared our knowledge of the Roman social classes with our school community? What if we created a living library?

Living Library

Imagine you’re living at the time of the Roman Empire. Imagine you’re a senator, a woman, a soldier, a gladiator, a slave, etc. Put yourself in their shoes. What is your (daily) life like? What are your fears, hopes and expectations? Create your text, study your role and dress up accordingly. On a previously scheduled day, you’ll all be strategically placed by your teacher in an appropriate school area, where teachers and/or your fellow students will stop to listen to your life story. Then, they’ll vote for the best impersonation/story. Prizes will be given to the two best impersonations/stories!Watch this videos as an example.

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Task 3

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As you know, the Romans are still very relevant to the Western civilisation. Watch a video about their political structure at the following video.Find at least 3 similarities and 3 differences between their political structure and the one that exists today in your country.

SIMILARITIES

DIFFERENCES

VIDEO

ROMAN EMPIRE VS OUR COUNTRY

III. ADMINISTRATION

UNIT 2

INTRODUCTIONNow it is time to learn about the most important institutions in Roman times and their functions

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Task 1

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Tick the right word to define this institution.

Look at this picture

It represents a very important political institution in ancient Rome. Its name comes from the Latin word “senex” (old man) because it was an assembly of old men.

Emperor

Consul

Praetor

Senate

Questor

Censor

Tribune

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Click on the following link:

INSTITUTION

FUNCTIONS

LINK

Now you can fill in the table with the most important institutions in ancient Rome and their main functions (write a minimum of 3).

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Task 3

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Go to the following webpage where you can get useful information about Roman emperors.

Click the following link

LINK

Choose one and give a brief description of what he did.

IV. CITIZENSHIP AND WOMEN

UNIT 2

INTRODUCTIONLatin is regarded as a dead language because it is not used as a main language in communications and life. Latin however remains especially in legal references. The resilience of Latin is extraordinary. This is due to the fact that Latin is the main root for languages as Italian, French, Portuguese, Spanish, etc. Also, for two millennia, Latin was the main language of scholarship and academia. It has been used widely in law. Law is crucial to governance and leadership, society and civilization, diplomacy and international relations, business, trade and commerce, finance, the military. What´s more, Latin has for many centuries been the language of the Christian religion, notably of Roman Catholicism.

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TASK 1

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Can you find examples of sentences using these Latin expressions in your own language?

PATER FAMILIAS

IN DUBIO PRO REO

DE IURE

HABEASCORPUS

COLLEGIA

SALVO ERRORE ET OMISSIONE

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TASK 2

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Citizenship in ancient Rome was understood as a status of Roman inhabitants that allowed them full enjoyment of civil and political rights. Roman citizenship was progressively extended to the people who were under the rule of Rome. Finally the emperor Caracalla granted in 212 A.D. Roman citizenship to all free inhabitants living within the borders of the Roman Empire.

Citizenship

Step 1.Listen to the interview with Mr. Juan Miguel Alburquerque Sacristán, Professor of Roman Law at the Law UNIVERSITY in Córdoba:

VIDEO

What about your own country nowadays?

Now, listen to Mr. Octavio Salazar Benítez, professor of Constitutional Law at the Law UNIVERSITY in Córdoba, about present day Spain

VIDEO

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TASK 2

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Citizenship in ancient Rome was understood as a status of Roman inhabitants that allowed them full enjoyment of civil and political rights. Roman citizenship was progressively extended to the people who were under the rule of Rome. Finally the emperor Caracalla granted in 212 A.D. Roman citizenship to all free inhabitants living within the borders of the Roman Empire.

Citizenship

Step 2.Compare the concept of citizenship then, in Roman times, and now in your own country:

THEN

NOW

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TASK 3

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Roman women were taught to be good mothers and housewives. Arts, Literature or Philosophy were forbidden for them, even in rich families. Women had no political duties or rights. They were not allowed to hold public office or work in government. Nevertheless, some of them stood up to this role. Valerio Maximo (1st century A.D) wrote about Hortensia, who protested against the taxes increase in 42 B.C:

Being a woman

“Hortensia vero Q. Hortensi filia, cum ordo matronarum gravi tributo a triumviris esset oneratus nec quisquam virorum patrocinium eis accommodare auderet, causam feminarum apud triumviros et constanter et feliciter egit: repraesentata enim patris facundia impetravit ut maior pars imperatae pecuniae his remitteretur. Revixit tum muliebri stirpe Q. Hortensius verbisque filiae aspiravit, cuius si virilis sexus posteri vim sequi voluissent, Hortensianae eloquentiae tanta hereditas una feminae actione abscissa non esset” (Valerio Máximo, 1688, 8.3.3, fs. 137 v- 138).

Our government’s behaviour has brought us to the forum. You have already taken our parents, our children, our husbands and our brothers from us. You have accused them of acting against the law. If you also take our properties from us we will fall into a condition improper of our birth, our manner and our sex.If we women have done something wrong as you say our husbands have done, banish us. But if women are not public enemies; have not demolished your homes; have not fought against you; if we have not harmed you in any way; if we can not obtain positions of honor; why should we be taxed?Why should we pay taxes when we have no part in the honors and politics? v- 138).

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TASK 3

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Being a woman

Politicians disliked Hortensia´s default: Can you guess why?Click on these links to find the answers to four of the questions below that your teacher assigns to your group.

LINK 1

LINK 2

LINK 3

Now don’t forget to take notes as the spoke person from each group will have to report back what you have found out.

Questions

1. Who were Roman women named after?2. Who was the head of the house?3. How long did fathers control their daughters’ lives?4. Did girls go to school?5. Could women inherit properties?6. Could women vote?7. Do you think marriage was compulsory?8. How important was a dowry?9. What was the legal age for marriage?10. Did divorce exist in Roman times?11. Which reasons were considered to get a divorce?12. Could a husband kill his wife?13. Could a father kill his daughter?14. Did illegitimate children have any rights?15. Was a child-born- of -a -slave -by –her- master a slave?16. Can you name any famous Roman women?

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TEST YOURSELF!

TEST YOURSELF!

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TEACHER’S ASSESSMENT

TEACHER’S ASSESSMENT

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TEACHER RESOURCES

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KEYSRoman Kingdom753–509 BCRoman Republic509–27 BCRoman Empire27 BC–395 AD

TEACHER RESOURCES

EMPIREREADING COMPREHENSION1.Definition: A dictatorship with one-man rule that evolved from the Roman Republic. 2.At its height, the Roman Empire stretched from the north of Britain to the desert of Egypt.3.The idea of the empire began with Julius Caesar, who was killed because he was ruling the government by himself. 4.His adopted son, Octavian, became the first emperor, calling himself Augustus Caesar.5.The Roman Empire split into two parts, East and West. 6.The West fell in 476. The East, which came to be known as the Byzantium Empire, continued for several hundred years.

Emperor Justinian I. He ordered the Corpus Juris Civilis (AD 529). This Roman law, the Justinian Code, was effective in the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire (331-1453), and served as a basis for legal practice in continental Europe, as well as in Ethiopia, and most former colonies of European nations, including Latin America