All roads lead to Rome! Unit 3

ROME

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ALL ROADS LEAD TO

START

UNIT 3

Traditions, Food And Entertainment

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ON THE WAY TO ROME

UNIT 3

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UNIT 2

This is the third unit about Roman heritage in our everyday life. In this unit, we will learn about what Romans did after their everyday duties and how they used to entertain themselves.Through these activities students will search and find out by themselves about the way Romans spent their free time, their traditions, their festivities and the type of food they liked to eat.

INTRODUCTION

INDEX

I. Warming Up Activity

II. Sports And Games

III. Festivities

IV. Theatre

V. Roman Baths

VI. Food

Students assessment

Teachers assessment

Template

Final Challenge

I. WARMING UP ACTIVITY

UNIT 3

SOCIAL LIFE AND ENTERTAINMENTThe tasks presented below relate to social life and entertainment in ancient Rome regarding the present day.They were created based on different European places connected with social life and entertainment.

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Task 1

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Before carrying out Task 1 look at these photos:

Gladiator, Roman National Museum

Chariots, Museum of Archaeology in Sevilla

Theatre, Villa Adriana Lazio Roma

Acting, British library board

Click on the images to get more information

Philosophers, Villa of T.Siminius Stephanus, Pompeii

Hunting, Roman villa in Sicily

SportsVilla del Casale in Sicily

Games

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Task 1

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On the basis of the photos find and circle eight words related to them in this word puzzle and connected with social life and entertainment in ancient Rome:

Write here the words you have found:

WORD 1

WORD 2

WORD 3

WORD 4

WORD 5

WORD 6

WORD 7

WORD 8

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Task 2

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Complete the table using your knowledge of social life and entertainment in ancient Rome and nowadays:

Places connected with social lifeand entertainment.

Nowadays usage

Usage in ancient Rome

Market square in Krakow, Poland

Greco Roman theatre in Taormina, Sicily

Roman temple in Mérida, Spain

Roman circus in Miróbriga, Santiago do Cacém, Portugal

Roman Baths in Villa del Casale, Piazza Armerina Sicily

II. SPORTS AND GAMES

UNIT 3

INTRODUCTIONMost Roman people spent their day working on different business (negotium) but after work there was some time for leisure (otium). They enjoyed many activities from swimming to playing board games or attending theatre performances. Young people used to get engaged in a variety of sports and activities, including jumping, wrestling, boxing, racing, and throwing. Roman girls and women generally did not participate in these activities. The forms of entertainment enjoyed by Romans in ancient times were not much different from those that exist today. We are going to learn about the games and sports Roman people used to play and prepare a set of games to be played in groups. At the end of our research we will have a catalogue with the most common games and sports, their rules and materials needed to play.

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Task 1

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This is what you must do:1. In groups of 4 or 5 students find information about Roman games and sports.

LINK 1

The Romans - Children's Games - History on the Net For more information on counter-intuitive facts of ancient and medieval history, see Anthony Esolen's The Politically Incorrect Guide to Western Civilization. Children from poor Roman families had to work hard, but they still found some time to play. Children from rich Roman families did not have to work and had more time to ... History on the Net

Kids used to play all these games:

Balls Bats Board games HobbyhorsesKites Models of people Models of animals Hoops Stilts Knucklebones (like Jacks)

Ball gamesTrigonAro/ ringPeonza/topTabasChessThree on lineHide and seekBlind ducklingAnd many others

You can find some information about them in these links:

LINK 2

The Games It was close to the end of the republican era of Rome at which the gladiatorial fights largely lost their meaning as a rite of some spiritual significance. Their sheer popularity led to their gradual secularization. It was inevitable that something which was so popular would become a means of political propaganda. Roman-empire

LINK 3

Athletics, Leisure, and Entertainment in Ancient Rome Although much of ancient Roman life revolved around negotium (work and business), there was also time available for otium (leisure). Ranging from swimming to playing board games to attending theatre performances, athletics and forms of entertainment enjoyed by Romans in ancient times were not much different from those that exist today. Ancient History Encyclopedia

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Task 1

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2. Every group must choose 2 to 4 games and write in the chart the following information:

Photograph

Name of game

Rules

Played by

Material needed

Game nowadays

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3. Once the whole group has finished you must write a Genially catalogue with all the information gathered from the groups.

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4. Now you must prepare the material to play some of these games, tell your classmates what the rules are and play.

Enjoy your games!!!

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LABYRINTH

You are going to create a LABYRINTH in groups and you are going to hold a competition to solve it.But first you must find out about the origin of labyrinths in the following pages:

LINK 1

Labyrinth - Wikipedia In Greek mythology, the labyrinth ( Greek: λαβύρινθος labyrinthos) was an elaborate structure designed and built by the legendary artificer Daedalus for King Minos of Crete at Knossos. Its function was to hold the Minotaur eventually killed by the hero Theseus. Daedalus had so cunningly made the Labyrinth that he could barely escape it after he built it. Wikipedia

LINK 2

A Brief History of the Labyrinth - The Labyrinth Builders During the medieval period the labyrinth symbol developed into a more intricate form, reflecting the complexities of faith, life and philosophy in the medieval mind. Labyrinthbuilders

LINK 3

Now you can generate one labyrinth yourself using the following page:

PAGE

And have a look at this page too to improvehow to do it.The competition must start!! Print copies to hand to the group of students, set a time to finish and GO!!The winner team will present its own labyrinth to play.

Watch a real mosaic labyrinth here.

(set your labyrinth here)

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III. FESTIVITIES

UNIT 2

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Task 1

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Warming up Activity

Roman calendars show roughly forty annual religious festivals, a list of festivals by month. This means that they were an important part of life and that the Romans could not live without their rituals and ceremonies.Some festivities lasted several days, others a single day, but most of them were dedicated to specific deities, to propitiate or show gratitude towards them.Read the following passage from a great Latin writer. It refers to a famous Roman festivity and some particular habits the Romans used to have during this period.a) Find out the name of this festivity and think of a typical festival in your country it reminds you of.b) go to the following link and discover whether this festivity belonged to the so-called Feriae or Ludi and why.

“Festos et sollemnes dies profusissime, nonnumquam tantum ioculariter celebrabat. Saturnalibus, et si quando alias libuisset, modo munera dividebat, vestem et aurum et argentum, modo nummos omnis notae, etiam veteres regios ac peregrinos, interdum nihil praeter cilicia et spongias et rutabula et forpices atque alia id genus titulis obscuris et ambiguis. »(Svetonio, Augustus, 75.)

“He celebrated festivities and solemnities both with generous and simple entertainment. During Saturnalia and whenever he wanted he gave gifts, garments,gold and silver, coins of every kind, even ancient ones, belonging to the period of kings or foreign coins, sometimes he gave nothing but blankets ,ladles ,pliers and similar objects, together with obscure, ambiguous writings.”

Click on the image

“He celebrated festivities and solemnities both with generous and simple entertainments.During Saturnalis and whenever he wanted he gave gifts,garments,gold and silver,coins of every kind,even ancient ones,belonging to the period of kings or foreign coins,sometimes he gave nothing but blankets,ladles,pliers and similar objects,together with obscure,ambiguous writings.”

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READING

Read the text and answer the following questions

Click on the image

A VERY IMPORTANT GOD The ancient Romans held an important festival to celebrate the rebirth of the year, its name was Saturnalia. The Saturnalia was an ancient Roman festivity in honour of deity Saturn, symbol of prosperity and wealth and it ran for seven days from December 17th. In Roman mythology Saturn was an agricultural deity who was said to have reigned over the world in the Golden Age when humans enjoyed the spontaneous bounty of the earth without labour in a state of innocence. The holiday was celebrated with rituals and sacrifices at the temple of Saturn, in the Roman Forum. In fact, at that time sacrifices were an important part of religious rituals because in this way they believed to obtain the gods. These rituals were followed by a public banquet called Convivium Publicum during which the guests shouted “Io saturnalia!”, an invocation which was a sign for the happy festivities of the season to begin. After public rituals, observances continued at home, where a pig was usually sacrificed. Everywhere there was a happy atmosphere that overturned the social norms: men dressed as women, masters dressed as servants and provided a table service for their slaves, gambling, usually prohibited , was allowed and slaves were permitted to play dice. There was also a king of the feast, Saturnalicius Princeps, who ruled as master of ceremonies. He was appointed by lot and his capricious commands had to be obeyed. It was a time of free speech and during this period every activity was suspended: schools were closed, war was banned ,executions were suspended, slaves were given temporary freedom to say and do what they liked. Instead of the traditional Toga, colourful clothes called Synthesis were permitted in public as was the Pilleus,a felt cap that symbolized the freedom of the season. Gifts or Strenae were freely exchanged:wax candles(Cerei) and pottery figurines(Sigillaria),food such as nuts,dates or honey,gold and silver objects.Holly was the sacred plant of Saturn and the Romans used it not only for decoration,but also as a lucky tocken. The weekday Saturday (Saturni Dies)was named from Saturn. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnalia

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Answer the following questions about the text.

1-What was Saturnalia and where did its name come from? 2-In which period was this festivity held?3-What did Saturn symbolize?4-Where did Romans hold sacrifices and what was their meaning?5-Why did the guests shout “Io Saturnalia”?6-Whose unusual commands had to be obeyed and what did he represent?7-In which sense was social order overturned?8-Which gifts were usually exchanged?9-What did people wear in this period?10-How was the sacred plant of this festivity usually employed?

Your answer here.

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VOCABULARY

Find the Latin words for

Pottery statues

Coloured garment

Felt cap

Wax candles

Prince

Gifts

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Task 5

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Past And Present

Step 1.Find the meaning of the following words and decide which of them are still used but have changed their original meanings.

WORDS

ORIGINAL MEANING

MODERN MEANING

Step 2. In two groups, think of two famous, modern festivities in your countries. Find differences and similarities between them and this Roman festivity. Write two short paragraphs making comparisons and using specific examples.

IV. THEATRE

UNIT 3

INTRODUCTIONWe are going to learn about Roman theatre. Follow the steps to get a deeper understanding of this topic and to be able to participate in a competition.

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TEACHER RESOURCES

Flipped Lesson Plan Lesson Title: Roman Theatre Level: A2/B1 Time Requirements for Pre-class activity: 10 hours Time Requirement for In-Class Activity: 2 hours Tool needed: Interactive Whiteboard Introduction This activity will use a Problem Based Learning approach, which is a student-centered teaching technique where students learn about a subject by exploring the topic in an unstructured way. Like flipped classrooms, where the traditional activities are removed from the classroom and completed by the student, problem based learning flips the instruction. Instead of teaching the material and then requiring that the student apply the concepts, the problem is presented first and students learn the material by solving it. The problem to solve is how to plan and perform a successful lesson about Roman Theatre in an international context.

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TASK 1

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5 students will be chosen by the teacher to gain familiarity with new material before class.

These students will select the information they think more relevant for each concept in the map. They have to decide autonomously how to share work. Then, individually, they will create a power point presentation for each of the concepts. They can include videos, photos, images, realia, etc… Each presentation should not take longer than 5 to 10 minutes. In the end, they will cooperatively create an assessment questionnaire (a general template will be given by the teacher)You must visit:

LINK 1

Theatre of ancient Rome - Wikipedia Theatre of ancient Rome refers to the time period of theatrical practice and performance in Rome beginning in the 4th century B.C., following the state's transition from Monarchy to Republic. Theater of the era is generally separated into the genres of tragedy and comedy. Some works by Plautus, Terence, and Seneca survive to this day. Wikipedia

LINK 2

To help you define scope and organize materials, this concept map is provided.

ORIGINS

GENRESCOMEDY, TRAGEDY

STAGE AND PHYSICAL SPACE

ACTORS

NOTABLE ROMAN PLAYWRIGHTS

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Five students’ tasks:- suggest your classmates to take notes - show their presentation- explain and answer any questions made by the other students- divide the class in small groups and assign the following cooperative task: - each group will write a descriptive text about Roman Theatre adding all the possible information they have been given during the presentation.To facilitate, they can show their mind map(The real teachers should not interfere unless it is necessary.)

In-class activities

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TASK 3

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You (the five students) have to evaluate the texts and the group who has added the most pieces of correct information will win the competition. After proclaiming the winner, deliver the assessment questionnaire to your classmates and give them about ten minutes to fill it in. Finally hand in the questionnaire results to your teacher.

Evaluation and Assessment

Roman Theatre de Cartagena (Murcia)

V. ROMAN BATHS

UNIT 3

INTRODUCTIONDuring the Roman Empire bathhouses were important public facilities where men and women of all classes could bathe, relax, exercise, socialise and even read. Therefore, almost every Roman city had at least one. In the city of Rome there was obviously quite a significant amount of bathhouses. Actually, it had 170 baths during the reign of Augustus, which increased to 900 in 300 AD. Now let’s find out more about Roman bathhouses. Read the text available at following link and then try to solve the following activities on it:

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LINK

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TASK 1

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a. Fill in this table according to the information you’re given in the background section.

ROMAN BATHS

Definition

Main types

Facilities offered

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b. Now answer these questions on the other sections of the text.

How popular were bathing houses? Account for your answer.How many facilities were there in a Roman bath building?Write them down.Did men and women use the same facilities?Why were the Romans so obsessed with bathing?How important were Roman Baths as far as politics is concerned? Justify.In note form describe how the Romans used to bathe.Mention the places where we can find well-preserved remains of Roman baths.

Your answer here.

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c. Match these facilities of Roman bathhouses with their definition.

1. Apodyterium

2. Frigidarium

3. Tepidarium

4. Caldarium

5. Laconium

6. Palaestra

a. Dry, resting room where the bather completed the process by resting and sweating

b. Outdoor or/and indoor space used for exercise

c. Very hot and steamy room heated by a hypocaust or underfloor heating system

d. Room inside the entrance where the bather stored his clothes

e. Large cold pool

f. Warm room heated by a hypocaust or underfloor heating system

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Now, watch the following video so that you can deepen your knowledge of Roman Bathhouses. Bearing in mind the video you’ve just watched and the text previously read, would you say that the Roman Bath is the predecessor of modern day spas? Well, express your opinion by writing a short text of about 80-100 words titled “Roman Baths vs Modern Spas”.

VIDEO

VI. FOOD IN ANCIENT ROME

UNIT 3

INTRODUCTIONThe tasks presented below relate to food and eating traditions in ancient Rome. They were created on the basis of the internet materials.Before carrying out all the tasks read the text beneath carefully.

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Task 1

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Read the text from this link above carefully. Then answer the questions given below.

1.How many meals a day did the ancient Romans have? 2. How was breakfast called in Latin? 3.What did the poor Romans eat for breakfast? 4.What kind of vegetables were popular in ancient Rome? 5.What did the ancient Romans drink? 6.What was garum? 7.What was used to sweeten? 8.What kinds of meat did the rich Romans eat?

Your answers here.

TEXT

The food and eating traditions of ancient Romans were changed by Greek culture, political changes and the development of the Roman Empire. The ancient Romans had three meals a day:

Breakfast, called in Latin ientaculum, was served early in the morning (sometimes at dawn)

This meal usually consisted of flat round loaves of bread with salt. Rich ancient Romans ate cheese, salads, fruit, eggs, milk and honey.

Lunch, called in Latin prandium, was served in the late morning. Traditionally, people ate leftovers from the main meal from the day before. Sometimes the meal included fish and fresh fruit.
The main meal (dinner) of the day, called coena or cena, was eaten about three o'clock in the afternoon after a bath. This meal was served elaborately in courses. The first course would often consist of an egg dish. Meat and birds were always served in the main course. Other exotic items like sea urchins and raw oysters were consumed as well. For dessert, fruits, dates and nuts (walnuts, filberts, almonds) were eaten, and apples were particularly popular when in season. Romans were very fond of sauces and liked to incorporate vinegar, honey and spices into every course of the meal.

The main meal was sometimes consumed until late night hours, for example, when the Romans invited some guests and it would often be followed by comissatio, a round of alcoholic beverages. In ancient Rome many kinds of vegetables were cultivated and consumed. These included such vegetables as: celery, garlic, cabbage, aubergine, kale, broccoli, lettuce, endive, leek, asparagus, radishes, turnips, parsnips, carrots, beetroots, green peas, lentils, chicory, green beans, olives, onions, marrow, artichokes and cucumbers. Popular fruit was eaten fresh when in season, and dried or preserved over winter. The Romans consumed apples, pears, figs, grapes, quinces, strawberries, blackberries, currants, damson, plums, dates, melons and pomegranates. Fish was more common than meat in those days because of the price. People were engaged in oyster and snail farming. They ate such fish as: catfish, eel, carp, flounder, hake, mackerel, mullet, perch, sardines, trout, swordfish and tuna. Crustaceans such as crabs and lobsters also were eaten. Meat was very expensive in the ancient times and consumed more often by the rich than the poor. They ate pork, mutton, goat meat, boar, hare, poultry and sometimes beef. They also ate wild birds such as peagons, doves, seagulls, crows, raven, storks, cranes, trushes, peacocks and partridges. Very important and popular in the ancient Roman cuisine was garum - the distinctive fish sauce. It was used as a seasoning in place of salt, a table condiment or sauce. It was made from fish such as tuna, mullet and sea bass. It could be flavoured, for example mixed with wine, or diluted with water. To season the meals people used a variety of herbs. The most popular ones were cumin, anise, coriander, parsley, lavender, capers and thyme. The Romans usually drank calda (warm water and wine with spices – a typical winter drink), mulsum (a sweet mixture of wine and honey), posca (vinegar mixed with enough water to make it drinkable – a soldier and slave drink). They never drank wine straight. Poor ancient Romans ate porridge or bread made from grains for almost every meal. The staples of the Roman diet consisted of barley, olive oil and wine, and these three kinds of food were eaten by both the rich and the poor. However, as Rome became an empire, the rich began eating more lavish dishes, and their diets began to look different from the diets of the poor. Rich Romans often had big banquets for dinner that featured exotic food, various kinds of meat, spicy sauces, sweet desserts (e.g. stuffed dates, honeyed bread). After a banquet, guests would frequently ask to take home leftovers, and that was considered a compliment to the host.

The food and eating traditions of ancient Romans were changed by Greek culture, political changes and the development of the Roman Empire. The ancient Romans had three meals a day:

Breakfast, called in Latin ientaculum, was served early in the morning (sometimes at dawn)

This meal usually consisted of flat round loaves of bread with salt. Rich ancient Romans ate cheese, salads, fruit, eggs, milk and honey.

Lunch, called in Latin prandium, was served in the late morning. Traditionally, people ate leftovers from the main meal from the day before. Sometimes the meal included fish and fresh fruit.
The main meal (dinner) of the day, called coena or cena, was eaten about three o'clock in the afternoon after a bath. This meal was served elaborately in courses. The first course would often consist of an egg dish. Meat and birds were always served in the main course. Other exotic items like sea urchins and raw oysters were consumed as well. For dessert, fruits, dates and nuts (walnuts, filberts, almonds) were eaten, and apples were particularly popular when in season. Romans were very fond of sauces and liked to incorporate vinegar, honey and spices into every course of the meal.

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Task 2

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Circle the odd one out.

Copy this mark and set it on the incorrect word.

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TASK 3

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Make up the recipe for a today’s dish using the ingredients from the ancient Roman cuisine.

LINK

FINAL CHALLENGE

UNIT 3

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FINAL CHALLENGE

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Kahoot game

Throughout the whole unit you were given the opportunity to deepen your knowledge of the festivities, theatre, sports and games, food and Roman baths in ancient Rome. Now let’s take it a step further. In small groups, create a Kahoot game on one of the aforementioned topics. Scared? Well, don’t be as the following guidelines can help you: Research on the Net a little bit more about the topic you’re going to deal with;Select useful/relevant information to create your kahoot game.Decide on the number of questions of your Kahoot game (between 10 and 15).Decide whether your game is going to consist of multiple choice or true/false questions.Write down the questions and the answers. Check grammar and spelling.Select images to accompany the questions so that your game can be more appealing for players. All images must be copyrights free.Sign in to Kahoot and design your game there (Copy and paste all questions and answers and insert the pictures).Preview and test the game.Finally, challenge your peers to play your game.

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TEST YOURSELF!

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TEACHER’S ASSESSMENT

All roads lead to Rome! Unit 3

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