History Timeline

HISTORYTIMELINE

CHRONOLOGY

PREHISTORY

Prehistoria

ANTIQUITY

Edad Antigua

MIDDLE AGES

Edad Media

MODERN AGE

Edad Moderna

CONTEMPORARYPERIOD

Edad Contemporánea

Paleolitic Period2.5million years ago

Periodo Paleolítico 2.5 millones de años

PREHISTORY

It started with the appearance of the genus HOMO

Empezó con la aparición del género HOMO

The first human groups were nomads and lived by hunting and gathering

Los primeros grupos humanos eran nómadas y vivían de la caza y la recolección

NEOLITHIC PERIOD9000 years ago

PERIODO NEOLÍTICO Hace 9000 años

It began with the appearance of agriculture and the domestication of wild animals

Empezó con la aparición de la agricultura y la domesticación de animales salvajes

Human groups became sedentary and started permanent settlements

Los sseres humanos se volvieron sedentarios y establecieron asentamientos permanentes

METAL AGE7000 years ago

EDAD DE LOS METALES Hace 7000 años

PREHISTORY

It began with the mastery of metallurgy, wich allowed people to manufacturate metal items, such as tools, weapons and jewellery

Empezó con el dominio de la metalurgia, que permitió a los seres humanos elaborar objetos como herramientas, armas y joyas

The period can be divided into three stages:- the Copper Age- the Bronze Age- the Iron Age

El periodo se puede dividir en tres etapas: - la Edad del Cobre - la Edad del Bronce - la Edad del Hierro

HISTORY

ANTIQUITY

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Ancient Egypt

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The first historical civilisations were also known as river or urban civilisations.They appeared in different places, such as Mesopotamia, Egypt, India and China, but they shared a number of characteristics.

Las primeras civilizaciones fueron también conocidas como civilizaciones urbanas o fluviales. Aparecieron en diferentes lugares, pero todas compartían una serie de características:

THE FIRST CIVILISATIONS

- They appeared on the banks of large rivers (Tigris, Euphrates, Nile, Indus and Huang He). From 4000 BC onwards the controlled use of water made more land available for farming.- Increased production meant a biger population, so the villages developed into large urban settlements.- The need to organise life in the cities created strong political power and hierarchical societies.

- Aparecieron en la orilla de grandes ríos (Tigris, Eúfrates, Nilo, Indo y Huang He). Desde el 4000 aC, el control del agua permitó que hubiera más tierra disponible para la agricultura. - El aumento de la producción significó un aumento de la población, de modo que las villas se convirtieron en grandes asentamientos urbanos. - La necesidad de organizar la vida en las ciudades originaron la aparición de fuertes poderes políticos y una sociedad jerarquizada.

The invention of writing marks the start of History.Cuneiform writing emerged in Mesopotamia around 3300BC. Hieroglyphic writing was developed in Egypt around 3150 BC.The earliest texts were about the control of irrigation systems, ownership of land, crops, business transactions and the collection of taxes.Later, orders and laws were written, and codes were established.Religious and literary texts were also written.

La invención de la escritura marca el comienzo de la Historia. La escritura cuneiforme apareció en Mesopotamia alrededor del 3500 aC. La escritura jeroglífica se desarrolló en Egipto alrededor del 3150 aC. Los primeros textos trataban sobre el control de los sistemas de riego, la propiedad de tierras y cultivos, transacciones comerciales y el pago de impuestos. Más tarde, se escribieron órdenes, leyes y, finalemte, se desarrollaron los primeros código legales. Textos religiosos y literarios también fueron escritos.

THE BIRTH OFWRITING

First written texts

MESOPOTAMIA

The Mesopotamian civilisations developed between 3500 BC and 539 BC around the rivers Tigris and Euphrates.The historiy of Mesopotamia is divided into a number of periods:

La civilización mesopotámica se desarrolló entre el 3500 aC y el 539 aC alrededor de los ríos Tigris y Éufrates. Su historia se divide en varios periodos:

- Akkadian (2330-2310 BC). The Akkadians came from Akkad, a territory in central Mesopotamia; led by their king, Sargon I, they conquered Sumer.

Acadio (2330-2130 aC). Los acadios provenían de Acad, un territorio en el centro de Mesopotamia; dirigidos por su rey Sargón I, conquistaron Sumer.

- Sumerian (3500-2350 BC). This period developed in Sumer, in the South of Mesopotamia. They were organised in independent city-states such as Ur, Uruk and Lagash.

Sumerio (3500-2350 aC). Este periodo se desarrolló en Sumer, en el sur de Mesopotamia. Los sumerios se organizaron en ciudades-estado independientes como Ur, Uruk y Lagash.

- Babylonian (1800-1500 BC). The city of Babylon, located between Sumer and Akkad, dominated the rest of the territory, creating an empire that reached its splendour in time of King Hammurabi.

Babilonio (1800-1500 aC). La ciudad de Babilonia, situada entre Sumer y Acad, dominó el resto del territorio, creando un imperio que alcanzó su esplendor en tiempos del rey Hammurabi.

- Assyrian (Mid-tenth century to 625 BC). The Assyrians, inhabitants of the mountains in the North, created a great empire that went from the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean

Asirio (mediados del siglo X al 625 aC). Los asirios, habitantes de las montañas del norte, crearon un gran imperio que iba desde el golfo Pérsico al Mediterráneo.

- Neo- Babylonian (625 BC-539 BC). In 539 BC the Persian conquest put an end to the Mesopotamian civilisation.

Neobabilonio (625-539 aC). En el 539 aC la conquista persa puso fin a la civilización mesopotámica.

EGYPT

The Egyptian civilisation developed along the Nile River valley. This valley divided the country into two regions: Upper Egypt to the South and Lower Egypt to the north. They were unified in about 3100 BC by king Narner,

La civilización egipcia se desarrolló en el valle del río Nilo. Este divide el país en dos regiones: el Alto Egipto en el sur y el Bajo Egipto en el norte. Estos territorios fueron unificados alrededor del 3100 aC por el rey Narmer.

The history of Ancient Egypt can be divided into various periods:- Old Kingdom (3100-2181 BC): the capital was Memphis and the Great Pyramids were built.- Middle Kingdom (2055-1795BC): the capital was moved to Thebes.-New Kingdom (1550-1069BC): Syria and Palestine were conquered. Very well pharaohs reigned, like Amenophis IV (Akhenaten), Tutankhamen or Ramses II. - Late Period (751-31BC): Egypt lost its power to foreign powers and in 31 BC it was conquered by the Romans.

La historia del Antiguo Egipto se puede dividir en varios periodos: - Imperio Antiguo (3100-2181 aC): la capital estaba en Menfis. Se construyeron las Grandes Pirámides. - Imperio Medio (2055-1795 aC): la capital se trasladó a Tebas. - Imperio Nuevo (1550-1069 aC): se conquistaron Siria y Palestina. Reinaron faraones bien conocidos, como Amenofis IV (Akenatón), Tutankamón o Ramsés II. - Periodo tardío (751-31 aC): Egipto perdió su poder frente a poderes extranjeros hasta que el año 31 aC fue conquistada por los romanos.

The Nile made life in Egypt possible. Every summer, the water of the river rose covering the banks with mud and fetilising the land, which helped to establish agriculture.

RELIGION: The Egyptians believed in many Gods, that were represented by a human body and an animal head. The most important were Ra, Horus, Osiris, Isis...They believed in life after death. To enter the afterlife the body had to be preserved through mummification, it also had to pass the Judgement of Osiris.

EGYPTIAN CULTURE

Architecture: the main buildings were tombs and temples.- Tombs were first placed in the interior of a mastaba or a pyramid (Cheops, Chephren and Mykerinos); later, they were dug out of rocks (Tutankhamen's).- The temples were large and were the homess of the Gods.Sculpture was composed of statues and reliefs of pharaohs and gods. They were rigid and their arms were held closed to their body.Paintings decorated the temples and the tombs. The human figure was represented using the law of frontality: the legs and head in profile and the shoulders and eye are in front view.

GREECE

ROMEFrom Monarchy to Empire

THE ENDnuriprofedesocialesIES Jarifa